Mount nfs no such device ubuntu

Mount nfs no such device ubuntu. 35-22-virtual 64bit Packages installed: nfs-common portmap Nov 16, 2020 · NFSは、ネットワーク経由でリモートシステムにアクセスする一般的かつ恒久的な手段で、共有リソースに定期的にアクセスする場合に適しています。. NFS client setup instructions: sudo apt install -y nfs-common. Jun 11, 2020 · Podemos montar los intercambios NFS remotos automáticamente al arranque añadiéndolos al archivo /etc/fstab en el client. We‘ll be demonstrating NFS setup on Ubuntu 22. Select the shared folder and click Edit > NFS Permissions. – Shehbaz Jaffer Jan 22, 2019 · Thanks for contributing an answer to Stack Overflow! Please be sure to answer the question. " You can also check if you want other users to be able to write to this folder. Jul 27, 2023 · Explains how to mount NFS server shared directory from Ubuntu Linux nfs client using mount command. Adjust these names according to your setup. sudo mkdir -p /mnt/nfs_share. . Aug 5, 2021 · 6. nfs: text-based options: ‘addr=192. Then, with an admin principal, let’s create a key for the NFS server: $ sudo kadmin -p ubuntu/admin -q "addprinc -randkey nfs/j-nfs-server. QTS Control Panel -> Shared Folders -> find your share -> click on "Edit shared folder permission" -> from the "Select permission type" dropdown, select "NFS host access" -> enable the "Access right" checkbox -> then confirm the IP of your Ubuntu PC May 15, 2019 · Im trying to do mount to a nfs server as follow - mount -t nfs 127. The client says “mount. I seems like I had to do mount -a from /etc as when I issued the command from /mnt it just hung for a while until I killed it and then tried from /etc Jun 7, 2022 · This mount command works fine on our Ubuntu machines: # mount -vvv -t nfs4 -o proto=tcp,port=2049 syst-1:/syst /syst mount. Aug 28, 2016 · CONFIG_CIFS=m means the CIFS functionality is compiled into a kernel module. When I go into the /mnt directory, the remnant left behind by the old mount puzzles me: foobar@fooserver:/mnt$ ls -al. This is done within fstab on Ubuntu. Everything in /boot seems fine. If not then post the exports file so somebody can help. 0-4ubuntu4. I follow the kernel's build instructions closely that is: make menuconfig. When navigating the mount to /backup/system/, the directory is empty. 6 mount. Als Nächstes nehmen wir uns die NFS Konfigurationsdatei vor, um die Freigabe dieser Ressourcen einzurichten. You can mount the remote NFS shares automatically at boot by adding them to /etc/fstab file on the client. return (Related or established sessions are permitted) I have explicity set ports in /etc/sysctl. Or replace hostname with an ip address. Novice user here with a problem. it returns. Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 Jan 20, 2013 · According to this output there's not problem with connection. 145. Jun 11, 2020 · Schritt 3 – Konfigurieren der NFS-Exporte auf dem Host-Server. 2’ mount. Provide details and share your research! But avoid …. showmount -e should work for nfsv4. Sep 15, 2013 · Hi, I recently got a NAS setup, and would like to access it from my Chromebook (Acer c710 running Debian Wheezy 7. nfs: trying Mar 6, 2022 · NFS 挂载文件夹报错"mount. Here are the file permissions as shown on the server. Then whenever you insert a removable device, it will automatically be mounted under /media/username/, by name. Does anybody know am I doing wrong? Please 「アプリ以外」のこと何でもかんでも頼んでくるなよ! プログラム以外のこともちょっとは勉強しろよおまいら!なまくらです。 みなさま、いかがお過ごしでしょうか。 さて、今回はソレガシが以前書いた記事 Windowsでext4のマウント(だれか良いツールしらない?) のコメントで、Wi The following procedure describes how to configure a machine that is an NFS client only to run behind a firewall. Running `modprobe nfs` on the client just has empty output, modprobe doesn't exist for FreeBSD, rc-service isn't available for either distro. 04, configure two NFS mounts on a server and client, and m… Oct 28, 2010 · Greetings fellow ubuntu admins. Make sure that the Hostname or IP matches that of the client. man mount. nfs: no such device”. total 8. 3 version to 15. Feb 15, 2021 · When trying to mount a NFS server in WSL2 on Windows 10 (Linux version 4. NFS versions (nfs-common, nfs-kernel-server) are 1:1. NFSマウント出来ないときに確認したい5つの項目. Modified 6 years, 10 months ago. I have just purchased another Synology NAS and am trying to mount it on my system. nfs 共有をマウントすると "mount. OR. However, the best way to do this is to install 'cifs' (Common Internet File System), this allows you to mount Samba shares, and other Network file systems. CentOS7. 2,addr=149. There does not seem to be a tutorial I can find to see if I am missing some steps. 1. nfs: Protocol not supported". The system lets you leverage storage space in a different location and write onto the same space from multiple servers in an effortless manner. NFS client under WSL - mount. Should my fstab config Jul 21, 2015 · 5. To check if the module is already loaded type: Nov 10, 2016 · I have had a simlar problem before, the solution I found was to actually mount the share at boot. 04 cannot mount NFS shares. nfs didn't seem to work, complaining mount. see the details below. 10 Kernel: 2. Apr 28, 2022 · So (unfortunately) make sure to also enable NFS3 in your QNAP's NFS settings. 1 (the server, addr 101. It is easy to configure for those wishing to allow NFS client Mar 10, 2017 · root@sidibalkan:~# mount -t nfs rat:/develop /mnt. NFSパッケージがサーバ、クライアントともにインストールされていること. 1-RELEASE-p7 and the client I'm using to connect is Pop!_OS 22. 0) but after some tinkering the following command worked: ~$ sudo mount I'm trying to set up PXE boot with an ubuntu client. 170. nfs4: mount(2): No such device mount. 143. NFSサービスが起動していない(サーバ側 Feb 28, 2017 · I have 2 computers IP 192. Neste guia, vamos analisar como instalar os softwares necessários para a funcionalidade NFS no Ubuntu 20. $ sudo mount -t nfs4 192. nfs4: No such device. nfs: Operation not permitted. 2,addr=10. nfs4: mounting (1) Used to work with Ubuntu 9 and now fails with Ubuntu 10 (2. cifs) But the share, mountpoint and user (credentials) exist and are correct: smbclient -L myserver -U mygroup\\myuser. Enter MYGROUP\MYUSER's password: Jun 11, 2020 · O NFS fornece uma maneira relativamente padronizada e de bom desempenho para acessar sistemas remotos através de uma rede e funciona bem em situações onde os recursos compartilhados precisam ser acessados regularmente. Access VirtualBox Mac OS guest on Windows 10 host network. I'm running Ubuntu 20. Sep 13, 2017 · mount. sudo apt-get install nfs-kernel-server portmap After executing the above command,the output for:---rpcinfo -p 192. The vmlinuz link points to vmlinuz-3. 04. No more worries about how and where /media/user/ devices mount and by which names. Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers. 2 NFSv3 Jun 2, 2020 · mount. To find the device and filesystem type, you can use any of the following commands: fdisk -l ls -l /dev/disk/by-id/usb* dmesg lsblk. mount -v gives on both machine: Code: When I was running Debian 10. nfs4: Invalid argument; 2. 04, I get: mount. When I try to mount with: NFS works fine on all our other servers, but not on 2 freshly kickstarted servers with the error "mount. " To mount the QNAP, I would simply go to terminal and type: May 3, 2017 · NFSv4 Client Mount. 4 macOS クライアントからの接続が不安定; 2. The first step is installing the NFS server package: sudo apt update. Recently (possibly since an update although I'm not sure), the NFS shares are not mounting on bootup, and I have to mount them with sudo mount -a. Please do not specify the server path /data for NFSv4. sudo apt install nfs-kernel-server. nfs results in error 'No such device': Jun 19, 2023 · To mount and manage NFS shares on Linux Ubuntu, follow the step-by-step procedure outlined below. 168. You are currently viewing LQ as a guest. 0. I'll likely get sidetracked - busy day here - and I have to wait for the ISO to download from the local university mirror. 1 NFSv4; 2. I have added this line to the etc/exports file: Jul 4, 2021 · I'm trying to enable NFS on a Linux image built using Yocto. nfs4: trying text-based options 'addr=192. You need to specify only / as fsid is set to 0. nfs: No such device' Oct 23, 2017 · Run the following locally: showmount -e. There's also setting in the NAS for which versions it will respond to. cfg. Jul 30, 2019 · mount error(2): No such file or directory. nfs: an incorrect mount option was specified. It does here on 20. org, a friendly and active Linux Community. Let’s dive into the intricacies of NFS mounting and unleash the true potential of remote file sharing in Linux. In the Sharespace configuration I have enabled nfs. The answers there weren't actually working for me (I was getting mount. Apr 23, 2015 · I have a windows shared folder named \\mymachine\sf and I want to map it as a ubuntu device. 15 - Has the files I want to share. Feb 18, 2023 · Linux OS - Version Oracle Linux 8. ls: cannot access FooFolder: No such device. When I input. 92,clientaddr=10. 3. Open this file with root privileges in your text editor: sudo nano /etc/fstab. nfs didn't seem to work, complaining. What has been done (do not assume it is correct): Checked router is running NFS client: ps | grep nfsd 19243 username 1376 R grep nfsd Mar 21, 2023 · NFS permissions. nfs-common is installed on Ubuntu; On QNAP, I had granted "Access right" to the folder at issue, read/ write permission and "Squash no users. 4 a few weeks ago, my NFS server has been busted. How can I mount an NFS share from WSL2 on Windows 10? sudo mount -t nfs 192. Aug 22, 2023 · Hello Everyone. 1). Here is some additional information regarding this fact. Added a tftp daemon on my FreeNas box. sudo apt install nfs-common. I use smbmount command as below: smbmount //mymachine/sf /mnt/sf -o <username> The output is like . I have built many servers but this is the first time a server didn't want to mount NFS shares for me. 04 and 18. 5 巨大なファイルをコピーするときにクライアントが一時的にフリーズする; 2. map, initramfs, and vmlinuz for the newly compiled kernel. Apr 22, 2009 · Not the first time I’m setting up NFS, and all other times I succeeded. Assuming that the USB drive uses the /dev/sdd1 device you can mount it to /media/usb directory by typing: sudo mount /dev/sdd1 /media/usb. 04 releases. target. Oct 23, 2020 · I would suggest two actions : 1- Adding the following to the mount options to delay the mount for some moment : [Mount] Options=late,nofail,x-systemd. In order to setup NFS server, you need to install the NFS kernel server package, which is the currently recommended NFS server for use with Linux, featuring features such as NFSv3 and NFSv4, Kerberos support via GSS, and much more. Jan 2, 2024 · In this tutorial we learned about methods to mount NFS shares on client nodes. mount -t nfs4 server2: / / data. Issue. Module nfs is loaded on the nfs client. 1 You may use the * wildcard to allow all clients to access the shared folder. Note: If you don't know your drive's device file, you can run sudo fdisk -l or lsblk to identify the partition you're looking for. Now if you run ls /mnt/mydrive, it should list Dec 2, 2021 · In vmware10, centos7 mounts the shared folder of windows host, and prompts: error: cannot mount filesystem: no such device How To Set Up A USB-Over-IP Server And Client With Ubuntu 10. Both the QNAP TS-453D and the Ubuntu desktop are hardwired to the router. Abra este archivo con privilegios root en su editor de texto: sudo nano /etc/fstab. target,x-systemd. nfs4: timeout set for Sat Apr 19 19:16:51 2014 mount. 2. Then repeat the command from a remote client on the same subnet: showmount -e hostname. En la parte inferior del archivo, añada una línea para cada uno de nuestros intercambios. mount: you must specify the filesystem type. I can see System. Jun 28, 2017 · mount. Select the "Create Share" button (or "Modify Share" if it is already created). Jan 14, 2018 · This article explains setting up NFS mount points in Ubuntu Linux. I am running Debian 7. – herm. [root@server export]# cd backup/. statd is not running but is required for remote locking. Added a NFS mount on my FreeNas box. Öffnen Sie die Datei /etc/exports auf dem Host -Computer in Ihrem Texteditor mit root -Berechtigungen: sudo nano /etc/exports. Mem: 16GB. NFSv4 exports exist in a single pseudo filesystem, where the real directories are mounted with the --bind option. Create a directory to serve as the mount point for the NFS share: sudo mkdir /mnt/nfs_share. ubuntu/admin principal has admin privileges on the KDC. 17. 11:/export /mnt After typing this there's no output and I can't do anything. I have an NAS device and mount several directories on it via entries in /etc/fstab :-. 22,clientaddr=10. このガイドでは、NFS機能に必要なコンポーネントをUbuntu 20. I am trying to mount an existing and exported NFS share on my NAS540 from an Ubuntu client (within the new Windows 10 v2004). We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. nfs: No such device" エラーが発生します。 Environment. 04 LTS. nfs: Either use '-o nolock' to keep locks local, or start statd. If you are manually mounting the file systems, then the ExecStart command must point to Network File System (NFS4). nfs4: No such device; 2. The remote server is running Debian 5. After updating to 10. At the bottom of the file, add a line for each of our shares. Debootstrapped Ubuntu 11. Aug 26, 2017 · UPDATE 1: The client can mount server:/ and mounting that gives another clue. Open the following file with root privileges in your preferred text editor: sudo nano /etc/fstab. Jan 16, 2018 · Solution. This package will allow you to easily share directories using the NFS protocol on your Ubuntu device. If you see a list of mount points then /etc/exports likely is configured correctly. nfs: mount(2): Permission denied reply from QNAP, then adapt any hostnames in your QNAP's NFS host access settings to IP addresses! Especially the last point about the hostnames vs. I've installed: nfs-common nfs-kernel-server nfs4-acl-tools Portmap doesn't install, and it appears to have been replaced in Wheezy with rpcbind? Aug 17, 2019 · A Red Hat subscription provides unlimited access to our knowledgebase, tools, and much more. The syntax ive shown you is for creating a named volume which you can then mount in a container with docker run -v foo:path-in-container. Apr 26, 2022 · In this guide, we’ll go over how to install the software needed for NFS functionality on Ubuntu 22. If you still get a mount. sudo mount -t nfs [ContainerVPS Global IP]:/home /mnt/nfs_share. 101. It should contain "pc1" as shown in the showmount command above. automount,x-systemd. Been trying to fix Thanks a lot for the solution related to vers= option! It worked for me, only backwardsAfter upgrading opensuse leap from 42. mount. 10. クリック可能な目次. So I borrowed a NAS device which supports NFS v3 and set that up. nfs: Connection timed out The folders I'm trying to mount exist, and I can succesfully ping and ssh from my worker machine to the file server. Nov 12, 2014 · The mount broke during some changes on the host server. Now I want to mount /export to client filesystem(192. nfs: mount system call failed Then i googled for the problem and installed nfs-kernel-server,portmap using. 8' mount. NFS operates in server-client architecture. ファイアウォール、SELinuxが有効になっていないか. sudo apt update. 1 . You will have to load the nfs module with the command modprobe nfs. Select a permission and click Edit to check its information. Feb 27, 2024 · sudo apt update Copy. 128' mount. Mar 10, 2024 · Install NFS Server on Ubuntu 22. So what Jul 3, 2021 · I'm trying to enable NFS on a Linux image built using Yocto. 0-19041-Microsoft ([email protected])), Ubuntu 20. Refer to the mount. Apr 23, 2022 · Re: Ubuntu 22. The code to include in the file depends on whether you are manually mounting the file systems or using the Amazon EFS mount helper. nfs: an incorrect mount option was specified Strangely, adding -v (verbose) in (2) makes the problem go away. 04 can mount NFS server just fine. nfs: No such device. 04 (maybe earlier), I suspect that there has been some May 14, 2020 · Step 7 — Mounting the Remote NFS Directories at Boot. The file lists modules which will be loaded automatically at boot time. vms". 3, this setup worked perfectly. Select Properties. What else should I check? Additional information: Ubuntu Lucid (10. If you can not, ensure both have IP addresses first with something such as ip -br addr mount. 3. Aug 23, 2019 · sudo mkdir -p /media/usb. Keep reading the rest of the series: Jan 17, 2021 · First, ensure you've allowed the NAS to accept your client IP address and attach to the share. 8. 10, using identical /etc/fstab (or command line mount) gives the result "mount. To allow the NFS server to perform callbacks to the NFS client when the client is behind a firewall, add the rpc-bind service to the firewall by running the following command on the NFS client: Copy. As I've used the same fstab entries since Ubuntu 10. This is currently a blocker for me because the fstab line: remotehost:/remotedir localmountpoint nfs owner,rw 0 0 Dec 31, 2021 · I'm not 100% sure of the exact command format, but try adding -o vers=2 to your mount command. nfs4: timeout set for Mon Jun 6 19:13:21 2022 mount. But this time, I didn’t. Apr 25, 2016 · the package nfs-common is installed on the client computer; the nfs server is a BananaPi running BananianLinux (a modified Debian Jessy) I can mount the nfs-share using the same /etc/fstab line from another computer using Xubuntu 14. This may be a systemd issues. Feb 26, 2014 · The kernel is a vanilla one. device-timeout=10 0 0 Jun 17, 2023 · In the following sections, we will explore how to prepare the environment for NFS mounting, perform manual and automatic NFS mounting, troubleshoot common issues, and optimize NFS mounting for efficient file access in Linux. 3 (the client, addr 100. I set it to accept all connections. I'll drop a 22. requires=network-online. NFSv4 without Kerberos. nfs4: requested NFS version or transport protocol is not supported trying to use -o vers=3 or mountvers=4. g. If the cifs module isn't loaded after a reboot, you can append a line. First beeing a server an later a client. Mount your drive with this command: mount /dev/sdb1 /mnt/mydrive. Include the following code in the file: After =remote-fs. Jul 26, 2017 · Mount fails with "no such device" Ask Question Asked 6 years, 10 months ago. 6. 2), running on Amazon ec2 box. Oct 13, 2019 · I am trying to mount a windows share folder that is on the local network on the windows ubuntu terminal The command is: Sep 15, 2023 · Ubuntu 20. The problem lied with my kernel config file. 04 LTS on windows-subsystem-for-linux. nfs: rpc. nfs: timeout set for Wed Apr 22 15:30:20 2009 mount. Copy. Created the dhcp-boot on my tomato router. It is mounted somewhere in /var/lib/docker. nfs: No such device When I check using dmesg | grep nfs, I got the following info but can't figure out myself what's the reason for the failure Install the pmount utility and let it handle /media/user/ mount points automatically. nfs: No such device" Mounting with mount. More detailed: mount. Ensure you can ping the client and the client can ping the server to verify connectivity. 0. This installs the required dependencies like RPC bindings, administrative tools, kernel modules for NFS and more. We can mount the remote NFS shares automatically at boot by adding them to /etc/fstab file on the client. In the dialog window, select the checkbox "Share this folder. 131:/workspace nfs/ -v mount. Mount the NFS share to the specified directory: Aug 24, 2010 · Hello all, I have a problem mounting the WD Sharespace via nfs on a linux machine (specifically, the FSG-3). First, install the krb5-user package: sudo apt install krb5-user. The server being specified is reachable and other Linux clients are able to mount that same path. Once the package list has been updated we can install the “ nfs-kernel-server ” package to our system. 1 /mnt/mountPointToTest (I know it is local host, it is just for testing) and I got this error How to fix boot into initramfs prompt and "mount: can't read '/etc/fstab': No such file or directory" and "No init found"? May 16, 2020 · 検証環境. I've generated the vmlinuz and initrd from the debootstrap image and copied them to the tftp root. There are no firewall between the server and client. 1, an fstab entry for mounting a network drive, which worked, stopped working in 15. c Jun 5, 2015 · On the remote computer, in Nautilus, right click on the directory you want to mount remotely. nfs: trying text-based options 'vers=4. NFSv4 Server. 04, with IPTables firewall. The command syntax is as follows: mount. OS: Ubuntu 10. The image is running on a dev board - Qualcomm RB5. nfs: No such devi Feb 8, 2023 · Server (not time4vps) OS: Ubuntu20. Viewed 2k times 1 I have a network share on a fritz box Sep 7, 2012 · I'm partway through an installation of Arch Linux and, following the online instructions, I'm mounting /dev/sdb1/mnt. nfs4: mount(2): No such file or directory mount. Go to Control Panel > Shared Folder. nfs4: No such device I have also tried mounting /export/workspace and /home/workspace but that gives me Apr 5, 2022 · Step 7 — Mounting the Remote NFS Directories at Boot. sudo apt-get install pmount. nfs4: trying text-based options 'proto=tcp,port=2049,vers=4. 210. New machine, running 13. 32-21-generic kernel) with the error: mount. This tutorial explains the process of mounting NFS share on an Ubuntu 18. Jun 11, 2023 · My plex server is using the standard FreeBSD 13. mount /dev/sdb1/mnt. nfs: timeout set for [some date 2 minutes from now] mount. I get. This entry is of in the series. # It mounts correctly and I can read and write files from root user. Unfortunately, my server only supports NFSv4. 131,clientaddr=192. 2 mount. 101:/mnt/tank /mnt/tank. o=addr is the ip of the server device= is the path on the server nfs to mount. For Ubuntu and Debian operating systems, the package name is nfs-common. drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Oct 7 18:13 . Feb 20, 2023 · 1. fails with. 2). 2. NFS (Network File System) is a distributed file system that can be enabled in a client/server environment. The host is now working properly again. 04; As far as I know systemd is introduced in Ubuntu 16. 12): sudo mount -t nfs4 192. 52' mount. nfs: mount(2): Connection timed out mount. This is my fstab entry which worked fine for my previous unit (names of share and IP add&hellip; Aug 4, 2016 · Step 8 — Mounting the Remote NFS Directories at Boot. Using both auto and ext4 (my filesystem type, I'm fairly certain) mount auto /dev/sdb1/mnt. 3 macOS クライアントから接続できない; 2. Setting up NFS mount points on Ubuntu Linux is a great way for client computers to access network resources. 10 to the NFS mount. 04にインストールする方法、サーバーと Jul 6, 2021 · I'm running Ubuntu 20. nfs: No such device". Nov 15, 2023 · Installing the NFS Server on Ubuntu. 04 [Solved] Linux Core Compile Error: No rule to make … ipt_ecn. sudo apt-get update. IP addresses was the biggest blocker here! The logs only showed me the same error: no such device. retrying with upper case share name mount error(6): No such device or address Refer to the mount. 0 and later: Oracle Linux : NFS filesystem mount fails with an error 'mount. By joining our community you will have the ability to post topics, receive our newsletter, use the advanced search, subscribe to threads and access many other special features. Create a directory that you will use as the mountpoint for your drive: mkdir /mnt/mydrive. I have setup nfs between Ubuntu and Arch linux. Feb 21, 2012 · EDIT: so now I believe that the BusyBox mount command does not support NFSv4. You can use these steps across different Linux distributions such as Red Hat, Fedora, CentOS, SuSE, Ubuntu, Debian etc. I have 2 opensuse server, one on 10. cifs. 04 servers. May 6, 2022 · Realized there are already a couple similar questions like unable to mount nfs on Ubuntu 22. make. Jun 17, 2019 · Mount a NFS shared directory as physical device in order to use extundelete 0 "No space left on device" when copying files to barely used 5TB NTFS external drive on Xubuntu Oct 5, 2017 · 1. Jul 25, 2019 · Did a mount -a and can now see the contents of the Windows share in /mnt/folder. 04 server in simple and easy-to-follow steps. cifs) Mar 12, 2018 · Goal: mount a UNIX NAS (WD myCloud) to a UNIX router. Install NFS client packages. nfs4 server2: / / data. Connection timed out usually means the server is ignoring your request due to a firewall, or simply the network is not configured correctly. 2) and one one 11. After booting up, mount. sudo grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub. Command is stuck. Old machine, runnung on Ubuntu 13. 04 server install into a VM somewhere and try out NFS. 52: RPC: Port mapper failure - Unable to receive: errno 113 (No route to host) and for Jan 23, 2015 · Welcome to LinuxQuestions. cifs(8) manual page (e. 4. I explictly allow NFS ports in an out of servers. conf for all Oct 20, 2013 · NFS mount gives "mount. For Amazon Linux, CentOS, and Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) operating systems, the package name is nfs-utils. to the file /etc/modules. 52 is:--192. 1 mount. Checking Connectivity. At the bottom of the file, we’re going to add a line for each of our shares. Procedure. sudo apt install nfs-kernel-server Copy. Another terminal line start is not being displayed. Sep 20, 2021 · Mounting shared folder on Ubuntu on Virtual Box. sudo make modules_install install. It, thus, works fairly well for directories that users need to access frequently. xt uj vm rx bn ta zi cr fv ic