Lvd certification. html>jz art. Certificate No: CN14/10214. This is distinct from PAT which is a limited test of a product’s electrical characteristics to ensure on-going safety during use. The directive creates uniform conditions throughout the EU for the sale of electrical equipment designed for use within certain voltage limits. The manufacturer is required to provide 12 sample pieces of the charger and two sample pieces of battery for testing. 2) The LVD-directive (73/26/EEC) Safety. Israel compliance: MoC, SII, MEPS. Looking up the mandatory requirements (standards) for your product. According to 2014/35/EU, it is applied to electrical appliances with a rated voltage of AC50~1000V or DC75~1500V. It includes both a conformity assessment procedure used for electrical equipment before it is placed on the market and essential health and safety requirements that such equipment must meet, either directly LVD covers this requirements, therefore when customer applies for LVD certificate of compliance, EMF requirements should be assessed and listed in the certificates. Our state-of-the-art laboratories carry out a wide range of full system or component testing: Electrical Safety testing. Components. ope of the LVD as soon as the highest of the ratings falls within the given voltage rating. Decision No. Chat on-line. to art. Each directive and regulation have different requirements for the product it covers. GS certification requirements for products and documents:-Products must pass the European safety standard type test. The radio equipment directive 2014/53/EU (RED) establishes a regulatory framework for placing radio equipment on the market. The European Union’s Low Voltage Directive (LVD) ensures that electrical equipment within certain voltage limits includes protection against electric shock and other hazards. 1. How to buy for your school. , products will not cause casualty, fire or shock), (2) performance Q: What is the CB Scheme? A: The IECEE Scheme, based on IEC and ISO harmonized international standards, allows for a true one-stop approach to obtain multiple national safety certifications with a single CB Test Certificate and Report. Mar 30, 2024 · Model NO. Examples of products within the scope of the LVD Directive: Socket outlets 230 V for domestic use. Grounding rules for both high-voltage electrical power plants and low-voltage electrical plants, tests for grounding information processing and communication equipment are performed. A product that is electrically safe when it is placed EMC Emissions and immunity testing is required and for mains powered devices harmonics and flicker. on the harmonisation of the laws of the Member States relating to the making available on the market of electrical equipment designed for use within certain voltage limits. Manufacturers, importers, and distributors should take this date into account when planning deals on electrical equipment on EEA and EU markets. LVD Low Voltage Directive (Low Voltage Directive 2014/35/EU), refers to the coordination of the Member States relating to electrical equipment designed for a specific voltage limit value within the directive. SMD2835 LM80 Test Report. Dec 24, 2019 · EuroLab was found in 2013 in Istanbul as a testing company that provides LVD certification, documentation, analysis, and surveillance services. 23/6/2019 Ferry Vermeulen Law & Legislation. What is the Low Voltage Directive 2014/35/EU? The Low Voltage Directive 2014/35/EU (LVD) is a European Directive that outlines safety requirements for all electrical equipment sold within the EU - specifically, 50-100V AC or 75-1500V DC. 3,EMC,LVD Frame Material: Aluminum The CE-LVD Certification Process for Chargers. If you manufacture electrical products that fall within this scope, you must ensure that the products conform to the LVD’s requirements. The PMP exam was created by May 23, 2024 · The Energy Labelling Framework Regulation establishes labelling requirements for energy-related products, including LED light products. Ukr TR conformity mark - 5 year validity. This is a big change, and one that many customers are not aware of until they request a quote for CE testing from us. LVD Test Reports. LVD or Low voltage device directive is applicable to all electrical products which work in the voltage range of 50 to 1000 Volts AC and 75 to 1500 Volts DC. Our LED products have obtained various international certifications, including CE, RoHS, ETL, CB, UKCA, LM80, and IP68 test certificates. 9 ) does not require notified bodies to assess if products to be placed on the market comply with the applicable EU legislation. It also provides the basis for further May 6, 2022 · CE marking directives and regulations specify technical, regulatory, environmental, or other requirements for manufacturers, importers, or distributors. You will redirect to the eCertificate Creation form as shown below. e. Electrical appliances fall under the scope of such directives and must therefore bear the CE mark in order to be sold in the EU. This article describes how to comply with the Directive. vehicle heater i. To claim that your product conforms, you must The radio and telecommunication terminal equipment directive ( 1999/5/EC (R&TTED) was replaced by the ‘Radio Equipment Directive’ known as ‘RED’ in full on the 13 June 2016. COB LM80 Test Report. Accordingly, electrical equipment exceeding 1000 V AC or 1500 V DC falls outside the scope of the Directive, as such equ. The Directive applies to electrical equipment that operates between 50 to 1000 volts for alternating current or 75 to 1500 volts for direct current and Explore the LVD Low Voltage Directive and its objective to ensure the safety of low voltage devices during use. Under CE RED, all radio transmitter products that fall under the directive require CE LVD testing – regardless of stated voltage levels. Deals for students and parents. EuroLab’s services cover all sectors and enterprises of all sizes. 10. This document compared to the guide for the previous Low voltage directive and hence provides additional detail on the application of this important safety The Google Career Certificate program is an online training program that offers professional certificates in fast-growing, high-demand technology fields. Nov 28, 2023 · This comprehensive guide explains the process of CE certification, as well as the requirements you’ll need to comply with to achieve compliance and add the CE marking to your device. Appliance couplers –plugs, -outlets. This ensures that the final products are safe and meet the necessary standards. UL Recognized endorsement is less stringent and easier to achieve than UL Listed. To obtain PMP certification, a project manager must meet certain requirements and then pass a 180-question exam. UA TR EMC. EMC or electromagnetic compatibility talks of compliance for electromagnetic The Low Voltage Directive (LVD) applies to all electrical equipment, with a few exceptions, designed or adapted for use between 50-1,000 V AC or 75-1,500 V DC. In order to comply with the EMC Directive manufacturers must: The European Union’s Low Voltage Directive (LVD) ensures that electrical equipment within certain voltage limits includes protection against electric shock and other hazards. We work closely with you to test your products, provide legally required reports and provide CE low voltage marking to your products. The Directive 2014/35/EU shall apply to electrical equipment designed for use with a voltage rating of between 50 and 1000 volts for alternating current and between 75 and 1500 volts for direct current. Mar 4, 2020 · Household Appliances. Sep 7, 2023 · The European Commission's official Low voltage directive 2014/35/EU (LVD) guide is available for those seeking further practical advice and guidance on the Directive before CE Marking. LVD testing is performed by an agreed organization. The directive also requires equipment to be able to resist the disturbance of other equipment. Range: design,manufacture and sale of the equipment used for refrigeration, ventilation and air purification. The purpose of the Low Voltage Dec 27, 2006 · Low voltage (LVD) Base: Directive 2014/35/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 February 2014 on the harmonisation of the laws of the Member States relating to the making available on the market of electrical equipment designed for use within certain voltage limits (recast). FCC compliance (USA) – Similar to RCM compliance in that only EMC All-around services for electric vehicle equipment testing. CE certification after testing. Electrical and electronic devices are given CE Mark certification under the LVD and / or EMC directive. Bringing many changes and cross-referencing EMC, and LVD directive requirements and removing some of the previous exemptions. CE certificate is obtained with the report received from its establishment. Becuase it matters with the lifetime, installtion and maintenance of LED products. The directive aims to ensure a high level of protection for the health and safety of individuals, domestic animals, and property while facilitating the Title: CE LVD Certificate Created Date: 11/23/2017 5:52:26 PM The Low Voltage Directive, also known as the LVD, covers health and safety risks relating to equipment in the following voltage ranges for input or output: 50 and 1000 volts for alternating current. On the 16th of July 2021 a new Regulation 2019/1020 came into force that made mandatory for non-EU manufacturers to Jan 15, 2019 · Underwriters Laboratories (“UL”) — This certification verifies that the products meet (1) safety requirements (i. Manufacturers and distributors who wish to sell electrical equipment in the EU and European Economic Area (EEA) must certify that their products comply with relevant Building 3 of Songxin Industry Park, Hongxing Community, Songgang, Baoan, Shenzhen; 0755-23505185 LVD CE Certificate. SMD5050 LM80 Test Report. The Low Voltage Directive 2014/35/ЕU (Directive LVD) deals with the safety of electrical equipment operating with a nominal voltage between 50 and 1000 V for alternating current and between 75 and 1500 V for direct current. New Low Voltage Directive 2014/35/EU. This certification pertains to quality management systems at our Des Plaines, Illinois headquarters location, ISO 9002 certification was awarded to the electrical power fuse manufacturing facility in Arcola, Illinois, in 1992. We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. Batt. LVD of the target in order to ensure the safety of low voltage equipment in use. Besides protecting the user from the risk of electric harm, the LVD also covers the health aspects of noise and vibrations. Find out which products need LVD certification, how to pass the certification process, and why the CE mark is important. The affirmation can be applied to any segment part or material. 2014. CoC/ DoC - Regulated products. From new product development and pre-assessment to gap analysis, batch and compliance testing we're here to help. Jul 3, 2024 · The CE marking must be visible, legible and indelible. Our electronic fuse The European Union’s Low Voltage Directive (LVD) ensures that electrical equipment within certain voltage limits includes protection against electric shock and other hazards. Oct 29, 2019 · 如 12V 的直流風扇或馬達，也許需要申請安規認證 (Safety Certification) 但卻不需要符合「LVD 低電壓指令 (Low Voltage Directive)」! [註] 歐洲聯盟 (European Union; 簡稱歐盟/EU) 正式文件已不用 「歐體/EC (1993 - 2009)」 一詞! 睿豐 GCS Safety 安規團隊 The Low Voltage Directive ( LVD 2014/35/EU) outlines essential safety requirements for electrical equipment operating with a voltage of between 50 V and 1000 V for alternating current and 75V and 1500V for direct current. Isolating Switch. SMD3528 LM80 Test Report. Educator training and development. Luminaire plugs and socket outlets for domestic use. Like all CE-related directives, this is a new-approach directive, which means that only the main requirements (essential TUV SÜD and TUV Rheinland's certificates after 1997 include the LVD certificate in the GS certificate. Due to the enormous influence that electrical components have on the reliability and quality of a product, machinery and processing equipment คำสั่งแรงดันไฟฟ้าต่ำ (LVD) (2014 / 35 / EU) ให้การปกป้องในระดับสูงสำหรับพลเมืองยุโรปภายใต้ข้อ จำกัด แรงดันไฟฟ้าที่แน่นอนและใช้กับ In our LVD test laboratory accredited by Türkak within the scope of TS EN ISO 17025, the devices are tested in accordance with the standards of the product in order to meet the regulatory requirements. Sep 29, 2015 · I. fuse manufacturer to attain ISO 9001 certification. #5. To Create G-Mark LVD eCertificate from conformity certificate listing page click on “+Add New e-Certificate” as shown below. It ensures a single market for radio equipment by setting essential requirements for safety and health, electromagnetic compatibility, and the efficient use of the radio spectrum. The manufacturer alone is responsible for determining this by carrying out conformity assessment procedures. These tests include electrical safety tests Operated by the IEC System of Conformity Assessment Schemes for Electrotechnical Equipment and Components (IECEE), the IECEE Certification Body scheme is an international system for mutual acceptance of test reports and certificates dealing with the safety of electrical and electronic components, equipment, and products. Energy Efficiency Many energy-related products have a significant potential for being improved in order to reduce environmental impacts and to achieve energy savings through better UA TR LVD. S. EN. The manufacturer obtained the LVD certificate while applying for GS. As per Radio Equipment Directive (2014 Learn about CE LVD Certification, a mandatory requirement for electrical products sold in the EU. Molded-case Circuit Breakers for panel board. It applies to electrical products with a voltage rating of 50 – 1,000 volts for AC devices and 75 – 1,500 volts for DC devices. : HB-309 Wheels: 2 Wheels Battery Type: Lithium Battery Certification: COC, ISO9001, EN15194, EEC, CE, RoHS,MSDS,Un38. Product Certification and Gulf Conformity Tracking System (GCTS) Notified Body involvement for testing, inspection and certification of products is required by the GSO Technical Regulations for products such as children toys and low voltage electrical equipment and appliances. 2 2015-Certification Australia-AS NZS 4777. Household appliances such as refrigerators, toasters, blenders, and microwaves, are equipped with voltage input or output between 50 to 1000 volts AC or 75 to 1500 volts DC. Note, however, that specific requirements for light products are provided by the Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2019/2015 . LEDs with a higher voltage than this specification are hazardous materials, and you shouldn’t import them to the EU. Certificate form Divided into 5 sections The European Union’s Low Voltage Directive (LVD) ensures that electrical equipment within certain voltage limits includes protection against electric shock and other hazards. Appliance couplers e. The EMC Directive (2014/30/EU) aims to ensure that any electrical and electronic equipment minimizes the emission of electromagnetic interference that may influence other equipment. About Us. LVD testing and documentation services from TÜV SÜD. If the producer passed CE (European Economic Area) certification, issued CE certificates, declarations and test reports can be recognised for Ukraine The Low Voltage Directive (LVD) outlines essential safety requirements for electrical equipment operating with a voltage of between 50 V and 1000 V for alternating current and 75V and 1500V for direct current. OJ L 96, 29 March 2014. 2 2020-Certification Certifications. Littelfuse was the very first U. The new European Low Voltage Directive (LVD) 2014/35/EU will come into force on the 21st of April 2016. The program is designed by Google and taught by experts in the areas of IT, user experience design, project management, and more, and combines skills training with hands-on practice. Wi-Fi, Zigbee, Bluetooth, GDPR, IoT product certification. Within these voltage brackets, the LVD applies to most items of electrical equipment, including; cable Brief introduction for CE-LVD certification. May 29, 2023 · EMC and LVD certification are both standards for EU certification, but their certification scope and requirements are different. It is a multilateral Low Voltage Directive 2014/35/EU and EN 61010-1. Alert sign labels (for class 2 devices), were eliminated under CE RED Scope. The process is fast and efficient, and includes: We can conduct electrical safety testing and assessments in our fully accredited laboratories or at your own CE Marking Electrical Equipment. Manufacturers use it to verify specific components within a larger system. These voltage ratings refer to the voltage of the electrical input or output, not to voltages that appear inside the equipment. The new directive was implemented on April 20, 2016. EMC certification (electromagnetic compatibility certification) is mainly aimed at the electromagnetic compatibility of electronic equipment, that is, the performance evaluation of electromagnetic wave radiation and anti-interference. Reach out now for a hassle-free journey to international compliance. -The product structure must meet the standard Britain-UKCA-LVD-Certification Picture Australia-AS NZS 4777. As such, your AC adapter and power banks must comply with the LVD when importing to the EU. เราจะทำงานร่วมกับคุณอย่างใกล้ชิดในการทดสอบผลิตภัณฑ์ จัดทำรายงานที่จำเป็น CE LVD refers to the Low Voltage Directive, which is a European Union (EU) directive that sets out essential safety requirements for electrical equipment operating within certain voltage limits. They can perform the necessary insulation test, resistance test, leakage current test Apr 25, 2023 · What is the Low Voltage Directive? The Low Voltage Directive establishes conditions to which importers and manufacturers must adhere, for the manufacture, import and sale of electrical and electronic equipment that operates at a certain voltage in the EU. SMD5050 RGB LM80 Test Report. 04. Depending on what the product is, the most likely directives are the Low Voltage Directive (LVD), EMC Directive (or possibly RED directive if the product includes deliberate rf transmission) and the RoHS Directive Jun 7, 2021 · CE marking is obligatory for all products that fall under the health and safety directives established by the European Union. Manufacturers and distributors who wish to sell electrical equipment in the EU and European Economic Area (EEA) must certify that their products comply with relevant May 8, 2024 · WHAT IS THE LOW VOLTAGE DIRECTIVE (LVD)? The Low Voltage Directive ( Directive 2014/35/EU) outlines essential safety requirements for electrical equipment operating with a voltage between 50V and 1000V for AC and 75v and 1500v for DC (direct current). TÜV SÜD fully understands the local requirements and procedures applicable in the UAE. If you wish to reduce or enlarge the CE marking on your product, you should respect the Explore Zhihu Zhuanlan, a platform for free expression and creative writing. Ensure high-quality products for your business with our certification. Appliance couplers for industrial purposes. Your pathway to compliance in Brazil, South Africa, Australia, and beyond starts here. Microsoft 365 Education. การทดสอบ LVD และบริการจัดเตรียมเอกสารจาก TÜV SÜD. is not designed for use within the voltage ratings set by Article 1 of the Directive. It also establishes documentation and registration requirements. It applies to electrical equipment designed for use with a voltage rating of between 50 and 1 000 V for alternating current and between 75 and 1 500 V for direct current. The Directive is aligned to the New Legislative Framework (NLF) policy and came into force on 20 April 2016, replacing Electrical equipment refers to products intended for use with a nominal alternating voltage between 50V-1000V or a nominal direct voltage between 75V-1500V. 355 “On Approval of the Technical Regulations for Radio Equipment” (UA RED TR) is equal to Directive 2014/53/EU of the European Parliament and European Council dated 16. LM80 Test Report. Electrical equipment that is being sold in the UK and Europe is required to be CE Marked under the Low Voltage Directive (typically shortened to ‘LVD’). All electrical products supplied by voltage up to 50 VAC (75 VDC) are subject to UA DoC (EMC). Air Circuit Breakers (ACB) Molded-case Circuit Breakers (MCCB) Earth-leakage Circuit Breakers (ELCB) Miniature Circuit Breakers (MCB) UL-listed Products. Which Products Need LVD CE Certification? Compliance testing under the Low Voltage Directive 2014/35/EU is mandatory for electrical items falling within the voltage limits of 50 – 1,000 volts for AC The standard certification procedure for obtaining the CE marking is divided into several steps presented below: Checking the application of the EU Directive (s) to your product. Official Journal of the European Union. QVC as Certification Body can issue the Certificate of Conformity. The Toy Mark is a universally recognized symbol of trust indicating that your toys meet the standards for marketability. Cables. In order to adapt to the new Legislative Framework (NCRF), March 29, 2014, the EU official journal published a new version of the low voltage directive 2014/35 / EU to replace the original low voltage directive 2006/95 / EC Low Voltage Directive. In Israel, we can provide you with a tentative Israel Type Approvals offer based on your submitted datasheet that you can send to order@wwbridge. The regulations are designed to guard against electrical risks such as arcing and electric shocks. Under article 8 and annex IV of Low Voltage Directive 2009/95/EC, the compliance path for low voltage devices (LVD) is as follows: Technical Documentation: Before a product can be brought onto the European market, the manufacturer must first compile the correct technical documentation (the Technical File) in order to Microsoft Teams for Education. Electronic means (EMC / LVD / ROHS) Unlock Global Markets with Confidence! WorldWideBridge simplifies EMC, LVD, and ROHS certifications for your electronic products. Furthermore, we can expedite the certification process by leveraging modern technologies that ensure you receive the LVD certificate in a reasonably short time frame compared with the average industry time. The Low Voltage Directive 2014/35/EU, formerly known as 2006/95/EC, is a European Union regulation that ensures the safety of electrical equipment within certain voltage limits. And from the list click on “G-Mark LV”. About THE CERTIFICATION SCHEME. Beijing ZhongDaHuaYuan Certification Center. org, or call +7 (495) 787-87-70. Low Voltage Devices. Functional safety testing. As such, the LVD applies. Manufacturers and distributors who wish to sell electrical equipment in the EU and European Economic Area (EEA) must certify that their products comply with relevant Low Voltage Directive LVD Introduction. Technical File. L 96/357. Name: ISO14001. 75 and 1500 volts for direct current. An EU Authorised Representative (or EU Responsible Person) is a natural or legal person who acts on behalf of the manufacturer in relation to the CE legislation: ensures compliance with constant regulatory updates and so on. Azure for students. The Low Voltage Directive ( LVD 2014/35/EU) outlines essential safety requirements for electrical equipment operating with a voltage of between 50 V and 1000 V for alternating current and 75V and 1500V for direct current. Beside this, structure of the LED lighting also should be considered. Eurolab specializes in LVD testing services. DIRECTIVE 2014/35/EU OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL. Call Us:+86-755-23146130. The Directive is aligned to the New Legislative Framework (NLF) policy and came into force on 20 April 2016, replacing Dec 12, 2019 · LVD also applies to AC adapters with an input voltage between 110 to 240V, and an output voltage of 5V. 1) Type testing using the TCF (route acc. PMI, the world’s leading authority on project management, created the PMP to recognize project managers who have proven they have project leadership experience and expertise in any way of working. The Low Voltage Directive 2014/35/EU (LVD) is one of the oldest single market directives. Wireless and IoT testing: e. g. You must request a verifiable and valid LVD test reports from your power bank supplier. Again, it would help if you asked the supplier to attach the LVD compliance test when supplying LEDs. LVD abbreviation is Low Voltage Directive (2014/35 / EU) ie; It is an acronym that stands for Low Voltage Directive or Low Voltage Directive. Circuit Protectors. All electrical products supplied by voltage higher than 50 VAC (75 VDC) are subject to UA DoC (LVD+EMC). manufacturer fabricated standars. Being a notified CE marking body, an approved UKCA marking body and the BSI Kitemark™ owner, lean on us to get your UAE ECAS Certification Ensure that your products successfully meet UAE’s standards by working with a market leader, TÜV SÜD. Jun 4, 2021 · Jun 4, 2021. The Mark covers the needs of retailers/discounters, importers/suppliers and manufacturers. The Electromagnetic Compatibility Directive 2014/30/EU (Directive EMC) covers all electrical equipment or electronic equipment, which can emit electromagnetic waves, Sep 28, 2022 · The safety certification limits the LEDs’ input voltage to 120V to 1,500V DC and 50V to 1000V AC. Determining if the product’s conformity assessment needs to be performed by a Notified Body. It comprises of 11 safety objectives, and addresses all risks from using electrical equipment, including electrical, mechanical and Oct 21, 2019 · Certification by industry. Electrical safety is a set of rules and precautions that protect against potential electrical hazards. The Low Voltage Directive (LVD) 2006/95/EC seeks to ensure that electrical equipment within certain voltage limits both provides a high level of protection for European citizens and enjoys a Single Market in the European Union. (However, products listed in Annex II are excluded (Explosion-proof equipment, radiation and medical equipment, electric parts of elevators, electric meters, indoor plugs and socket outlets Electrical safety testing assesses the design and manufacture of a product and is part of the CE marking requirements to legally place a product on the market. Applicable from 20 April 2016. Manufacturers and other operators planning to place electrical equipment on the market and/or put these into use within Europe must meet the safety objectives set by the Low Voltage Directive. You should be a Notified Body Representative to see this Button. The CE marking must consist of the initials "CE", both letters should have the same vertical dimension and be no smaller than 5mm (unless specified differently in the relevant product requirements). GTG Group provides a customized quote which are tailored to each client's needs and budget. CE LVD / EMC Certification Procedure. Manufacturers and distributors who wish to sell electrical equipment in the EU and European Economic Area (EEA) must certify that their products comply with relevant Get products to market and comply with the latest requirements with comprehensive testing and certification. LED lighting products EU CE certification LVD directive is 2014/35/EU, and its main test standards are EN 60598-1, EN 60598-2 series, EN 61347-1, EN 61347-2-13, EN 62031 and EN 62471 etc. For more information about CE compliance, or to request a free quote for your device, contact us online or call us at 866-540-5287 to talk to our team. This directive is a directive among the New Approach Directives adopted in the European Union and is concerned with the safety of electrical apparatus. The CE LVD Certification is represented by the CE mark, which indicates compliance with safety regulations and allows market access in the EU. For the independent UL Listed imprint on an LVD certification service from China exporter and supplier. EMC / EMF, FCC / ISED testing. Several directives usually apply to most electrical and electronic equipment such as EMC (Electromagnetic Compatibility), R&TTE (radio directive) and LVD (low voltage directive). of 26 February 2014. General information The Emirates Conformity Assessment Scheme (ECAS) is a Product Certification Scheme that ensures services and The Toy Mark is awarded based on the certification of products that are used by infants and children up to 14 years. The new LVD Directive (Recital No. Get your products approved for sale in Israel with our services. The samples are subjected to a series of tests to ensure that they meet all of the safety requirements of the CE-LVD Directive. Here we summarized some general requirements: Declaration of Conformity. The program helps reduce trade barriers caused by different certification requirements in different countries As an accredited testing laboratory, we’ve helped thousands of manufacturers complete safety testing for their products and achieve Low Voltage Directive (LVD) certification. The EMC-directive mentions two ways of showing compliance to the main requirements: Manufacturers declaration (route acc. 3. Reference: Beijing ZhongDaHuaYuan Certification Center. CE compliance is basically the manufacturer’s declaration that the product meets all applicable EU Directives. Once CE-certified, products can be sold and distributed freely within the European Union. These regulations define mandatory activities in the overall . il br hc jz wg qi ai mh uv mj