Teach french online without a degree. College or University.

Teach french online without a degree. Teaching French as a foreign language today CAVILAM – Alliance Française, with the support of the French Institute, the OIF, the AUF, the FIPF and the University Clermont Auvergne, offers the first MOOC certifying “Teaching French as a foreign language today”, devoted to the basic principles of teaching French as a foreign language. Paris, a shining gem in France, is the top tourist destination in the world; there are also opportunities if you're lookin for a teaching job in the French capital. Many of the largest online English firms, such as, need a bachelor’s degree, but don’t panic if you don’t have one. The tracks allow you to apply your command of the French language and knowledge of Francophone culture in a variety of real-world settings. You can even do it without a degree. Therefore, if you don’t have some substantial work experience, having a diploma (especially one recognized by the French) may prove helpful in finding a job. If you are a teacher of French as a foreign language, you can follow our courses without having to travel. While a few schools do offer fully online degree programs in French, it is more common to find schools offering the program entirely on campus or in a hybrid format. The best Mar 1, 2023 · Teach English online without a degree. Though education is essential, prior teaching experience often enhances job prospects, though it is not always mandatory. If you know the right countries, you can be on your way to a new teaching career overseas. May 15, 2022 · About Teaching English in France Here is a quick rundown of some key points about teaching English in France The French hiring cycle is similar to the US domestic version, so finding work is easiest in the early fall (beginning in August) and around the new year before the start of each semester. Sign up & start earning now! To teach French in Australia, you need a teaching qualification recognised by the Australian government. We'll also include tips on how to create a successful teaching business. ” It’s a certification that helps you learn how to teach English effectively—especially to students whose first language isn’t English. It's one of the most important job requirements for most online TEFL jobs and can help give your application a boost. You will, however, need at least minimum teaching experience and the requisite certification to teach English as OR a related bachelor’s degree in education with a French specialization, concentration, or outside area OR two years of secondary teaching experience in French and transcripts from a Francophone institution Complete an online application that includes evidence of written and aural facility in French. Feb 28, 2025 · Want to teach English online but don't have a bachelor's degree? No problem! Here are 12 companies that will let you teach English online, even without a degree! Can you teach online without a degree? Correct! It is possible to become an online tutor without a degree or experience. College or University. Nov 28, 2020 · Teaching online is a great way to earn money remotely from home or on the road. French majors go on to teach French classes in elementary, secondary, and post-secondary schools, translate French to English, and act as an interpreter for French speakers. But one of the most common questions from new teachers is: Can I start teaching online without a Whatever you teach, French, English reading, computer science, biochemistry, econometrics, or piano, it is important to be enthusiastic and encouraging. This has been made possible by numerous online websites that allow people to teach the language at the comfort of their own homes. All our trainers' courses are available online. Learn how to enhance your educational career and review options for online education Did you know that you can earn money teaching English online without a degree? One of the biggest myths in the world of TEFL, is that you need a degree to teach English. It can also help improve your language skills, better understand French culture and society, and give you a competitive edge in the job market. What is teacher certification? Many careers require licensure or certification as a guarantee of an individual’s commitment to the profession, and teaching is no different. Nov 3, 2020 · Teaching online is a great way to earn money remotely from home or on the road. Jun 5, 2025 · Learn how to become a French teacher in this guide, including steps to follow, key responsibilities and tips for getting this type of teaching position. Those enrolled in the program initially complete over 70 hours of online training and an introductory course in French teaching, which can translate to up to three credits at the accredited teaching institution where they ultimately earn their teaching license. ️Today, we are covering platforms & opportunities to teach online without needing a degree🍎 W H A T I S I N M Y C L A S S R O O M Web Camera: https: Oct 29, 2024 · Here are the usual steps to get your certification or license to teach: Earn a bachelor’s degree in education: To teach in a public school in the United States, you need a bachelor’s degree. In the US, you can get (and likely will need) a teaching certificate in French. Right now, I desperately need work since there are no job opportunities in my area and some require a degree. While many of the biggest platforms used to require a bachelor’s degree, the ESL industry has evolved, and more companies are opening their doors to skilled, motivated teachers with the right training and Jan 19, 2025 · It is completely possible to teach English online with no experience! I know so many people who started off their online teaching journeys without having any experience with teaching. Discover the world of language with a Master’s degree in the Teaching of Languages (French) from The University of Southern Mississippi. Apr 12, 2024 · Teaching English online without a degree is possible with these reputable companies. The pay with this company ranges from $9 – $20 per hour. May 5, 2024 · Bryn Mawr College Bryn Mawr College offers one of the best French programs in the country with graduates going on to work in fields such as international relations, law and public health. By getting a TEFL certification (often preferred), you’ll unlock many job opportunities, even if you’ve never been to college. They offer language classes for children, adults, and businesses. So, can you teach English online without a degree? You can teach students online without a degree and without any teaching experience, but many companies require a minimum of a TEFL certification and being fluent in English. Jan 14, 2025 · They will train you in their teaching method prior to your starting work. If you completed your teacher education program outside of Ontario in a language other than English or French, the College has specific language requirements you must follow. The studies are accessible remotely, and this Find out all the details you need to know on how to teach English online without a degree, including the top companies to consider. Regardless of what your teachables are and what you studied in university, in order to become qualified to teach French all you have to do is get a B. So, can you teach English online without a degree? Teach anytime, anywhere Decide when and how many hours you want to teach. However, it is possible to teach abroad in Asia without a degree. Online French teachers needed (part-time) Lion Language School is an online teaching company, which is specialized in French and is based in Shanghai, China. 8 – English Hunt – Often hires people to teach English online from home via video (independent contractors). It's still possible! Yes, it is possible to find Spanish teacher jobs online without a degree. In this article, we’ll list the highest-paying online teaching jobs and how to apply for them. You may also need access to a high school diploma instead of a finished university degree if you want to work somewhere like a summer camp or as a teacher who is a volunteer. With a bachelor of arts in French, you’ll be prepared for a career as a translator, interpreter, or educator, and you’ll learn to speak the French language fluently in order to work or live in French-speaking areas. Every year but one over the past 15 years a graduate has been awarded Fulbright Teaching Assistantships in France. This can open doors to entry-level online teaching positions and provide a valuable stepping stone in your TESOL career. Most positions require a bachelor’s degree. Our online French MATL degree program is one of the largest programs of its kind in the United States that provides language teachers’ needs. How Do You Become a French Tutor? If you have a passion for teaching others and love French, becoming a tutor is easy. This base certification is called TEFL Certification, which you can use to get a teaching job online or abroad without a degree. Latest English teacher jobs Native teacher wanted for online English teaching job I would like to learn English with you Sometimes i feel like i understand everything but i can't speak the Way i would like Sorry if there's some mistakes i write this alone without google translate Hello everyone! Ever considered teaching online?My company, Magic Ears, is hiring online English teachers who might enjoy teaching kids!As long as you are from a native English speaking country and have an active bachelor's enrollment or higher, welcome to apply!TEFL is not required for the hiring process!Coaching team and well-framed training section are always here ready to help. Be able to work independently. And French is spoken Feb 15, 2025 · It is possible to become an online tutor without a degree or experience. For higher level French courses, you may need a degree in a specialist subject depending on the level of course you plan to Dec 9, 2024 · 15 Companies That Let You Teach English Online Without a Degree Is it really possible to teach English online with no degree? The simple answer is yes, and there are actually plenty of opportunities out there. Aug 31, 2020 · Just like many gigs out there, online teaching can be a great source of income, not to mention you can apply for one even without a degree or teaching experience! Explore the world's best online teaching jobs. To teach with this company, you must have a bachelor’s degree and previous teaching experience. Preply is a global website where anyone will find Arabic tutoring jobs and the chance to teach online, offering tuition to professionals in our corporate language training programs or learners on the platform in general. This is my best chance right now so please let me know. Without a good level of French you won't be able to teach to any school grade kids, as they would be complete beginners in need of some explanations in French but teaching to University isn't out of question. If you do not already have one, you can train to be a teacher as part of a bachelor’s degree and get qualified teacher status (QTS). What pay range are you trying to get, and what country do you live in? You can head over to our page about teaching English online without a degree to learn how to build an impressive CV without a degree and find companies with more lenient requirements. Schools that Offer Online Degree Programs in French Bachelor's degree programs in the French language teach students how to read, write and speak French. As experts in teaching French as a foreign language, Accent Français has been offering since 1998, courses for teachers of French as a Foreign Language (FLE) for trainers who wish to update their teaching techniques and exchange on their Discover how to teach English without an English degree. And it will also vary based on where you wish to teach. Fluency in English is essential, while proficiency in French can be an added advantage but not obligatory. Nov 25, 2019 · So if a degree isn’t the be-all and end-all of online recruitment, how do you go about teaching online without one? Here are some tips to guide you on how to teach English online without a degree. Choose your own schedule. May 23, 2020 · No degree but still want to teach English online? No problem! Check out our list of online English teaching companies who are hiring now! NECESSARY SKILLS AND PREREQUISITES Must have access to a smartphone, tablet or computer and be able to teach online easily. Mar 21, 2022 · Want to teach English online but don’t have a degree? It’s possible to do, but you’ll need to learn the best options and the right course of action to set yourself up for success. com 330 Online French Teacher Jobs No Experience Needed jobs available on Indeed. Depending on the state, you will be also be certified to teach a specific grade band. Start a new career or side-hustle working from home from anywhere in the world. Apr 30, 2025 · Find teaching jobs abroad without a degree because yes—you can teach English abroad without a degree! We love these TEFL jobs, no degree required. Many states simply require candidates without a teaching degree to complete additional coursework in education. An access to free online digital resources (videos, exercises, classes, quiz, guides and others) to complete and improve your knowledge without the need for a registration, with no degree issued. Gain French language skills with an online bachelor's degree from Oregon State. These AQ courses are for Ontario certified teachers. French teacher certification is an assurance that the person holding the certification has sufficient knowledge and skills to teach his or her students. Related: 24 Reasons You Should Become a Teacher Key takeaways: To become a French teacher, assess your fluency in French, earn a Bachelor's degree to receive a teaching license and meet state or institutional requirements for certifications. Part 1 - French as a Second Language (FSL) Feb 7, 2024 · $10-$50/hr Remote Tutoring Jobs That Don't Require a Degree There are tons of places where people can start earning extra cash by tutoring online, even if they don't have a college degree. You need at minimum a high school degree to start teaching kindergarten and middle school grade levels. Final Thoughts If you’re ready to start teaching English online without a degree, now is the time to take action. Some companies require applicants to at least have a bachelor’s degree for them to qualify for online teaching English jobs, which is a limiting factor for a majority of people. Our free French courses are an online adaptation of the FSI French basic course. Here at Preply, to become an online tutor we do not require that our teachers have any formal credentials. Jul 8, 2025 · Looking for opportunities to teach English online without a degree? Check out our list of the 11 best places to teach English online, perfect for those with no degrees! Nov 7, 2022 · Start Teaching English Online: Get TEFL Certified with CIEE One of the first steps to teaching English online is enrolling in a quality TEFL course, especially for those without a degree. Even though for many teaching jobs a degree isn’t mandatory, it’s good to know that overall the French (employers as well as students) appreciate diploma’s and work experience. Each course includes 12 free french lessons. Find your city, choose the job and get it NOW! Feb 22, 2024 · To begin your online teaching career, it’s good to know which online teaching jobs pay the best and suit your qualifications. This could be a degree in education with a French major, or a diploma in teaching French as a second language. Can I teach French online without a degree? French tutor offers online course that can easily be completed without degree Many people find the idea of taking a French course online more appealing than going to a university. Jul 4, 2025 · Can you teach English abroad without a degree? Here's a list of countries where you can, as well as some tips for finding a TEFL job without a degree. You don’t need a university degree to start teaching English online from home — and that’s great news for passionate, qualified teachers looking to break into remote education. In this article, I’m going to share where you can work with or without a degree, things that will give your application a boost, and the best steps to take to get your TEFL stands for “Teaching English as a Foreign Language. Aimed to help both beginners and professionals, in a single place Preply unites teachers and everyone in search of new knowledge. Even though you’ll teach French online, you won’t be alone. We propose 2 main courses: French for beginners and Intermediate French. Find your dream job Find a position teaching English abroad or land an international teaching job at a leading international school and explore a new country. To teach English online without a degree, you need a base certification at least to help employers verify that you are capable of teaching English to students. Even as a beginner teacher, you should have some experience on your CV Teaching English Without a Degree There are a few different paths available to you, including certain countries which don’t require a degree for a work permit, teaching online, pursuing a degree while teaching overseas, volunteering, or teaming up with your partner and getting spousal visa. You need to have documents translated if any of your documents (like a birth or marriage certificate) are in a language other than English or French. Regarding pay, compensation is determined on a case-by-case basis. The reason being that you don't need to invest in expensive textbooks and equipment, and you can complete the course quickly and easily. There are many reasons to study French online but finding the right program can be difficult. With our online French lessons, you will be able to learn to speak French by listening to French words, French phrases and French dialogues. We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. Enroll today and benefit from free Oct 14, 2021 · Other French teachers prefer to teach 1-on-1, either face-to-face or online. Find out how & where you can find online tutoring jobs that require no official qualifications at Preply. Teach languages online! Click & join the future of language learning! Why Earn a French Teacher Certification? The Department of World Languages, Literatures and Cultures works with the College of Education to offer French majors the opportunity to earn a French Teacher Certification for a career as an educator. Teaching English online without a degree can be done! Use this list of companies hiring individuals to teach English online with no degree as a launchpad to what’s bound to be a productive, rewarding, and exciting chapter. You’ll often find that a bachelor’s degree is necessary for securing a paid teaching position in France. Must have a four-year degree and have either teaching or substitute teaching certification. In Ontario, you need a degree in Education to get certified. in French program, you’ll benefit from a career-focused program ranked among the best in the nation by U. For those without a degree but with a passion for teaching English, consider a TEFL certificate program. Start earning money online on your own terms now! Jan 7, 2024 · Are you passionate about language and cultural exchange and wondering if you can find online English teaching jobs without a degree? The answer is a resounding yes! You’ll be excited to learn that teaching English online without a degree is possible and if you are fortunate you can even teach English online with no experience. You can teach English online without a degree by working for one of these 9 employers who don't require their teachers to have one. Choose from 4356 highly-rated French tutors (average rating: 4. Discover how to teach English online without a degree—learn required certifications, top platforms, equipment essentials, and expert tips to launch your successful remote teaching career. Nov 13, 2020 · Wondering if you can teach English online with no experience? You can! Learn about 10 companies currently hiring teachers without experience. Looking for private French classes online? Preply is the leading language learning platform offering flexible classes with experienced tutors. Hundreds of app-based part-time, weekend and student jobs and gigs all over the world. You definitely can! Keep reading to find out how and where you can apply for online tutoring jobs that don’t require a formal degree. Jul 14, 2025 · Either way, teaching English online without a degree is a great work-from-home / digital nomad job. com Mar 3, 2025 · Lack of Job Security – Most online teaching jobs are contract-based. With your degree and a TEFL certificate, learn more about government and private teaching jobs you can find in Paris. Teach at a French-language school To teach in French at a French-language school, you will need: an undergraduate degree in French from a university or college (for example, a Bachelor of Science (BSc) or a Bachelor of Arts (BA)) to complete a Bachelor of Education (BEd) degree which qualifies you to teach at a kindergarten to Grade 12 school There are three universities offering French Websites and The Companies Where You Can Teach English Online no Degree Required For those who wish to work from home or remotely, teaching English online is a fantastic alternative. Jun 22, 2025 · Explore how to teach English online without a degree, including certification, platform selection, and tips for engaging lessons. The pathway towards becoming a French teacher will vary widely based on the specific setting you wish to teach in. S. Feb 16, 2023 · How do you teach English online with no degree? Are there companies or platforms where you can get started? In this guide we show you how. Aug 12, 2024 · Yes, there is a pathway for you to teach English online without needing a degree!. Sign up & start earning now! See full list on learnlanguagesfromhome. Input your weekly availability and students can choose time slots that work for them. Each lesson also includes simple explanations of French Jun 20, 2022 · Is teaching English online without a degree possible? Yes! Here are the best platforms to start your career and find students worldwide. As a Strømmen tutor, you’ll have the chance to assist students from various backgrounds and proficiency levels in reaching their language learning ambitions. Image: instagram. Want to teach English online without a degree? No problem! Check out these amazing 20 online teaching companies that don't require a degree! Mar 6, 2024 · On platforms like Cambly, Verbling and PalFish, you can teach English online without a degree and earn from it! Those without university degrees may be able to substitute a TEFL certification, easily obtained via a program of online coursework and teaching practice. With our remote teaching capabilities, you can teach French online from anywhere, offering the convenience of home-based work. Although some employers might prioritize degree holders, many value experience and certifications. Jul 26, 2025 · Learn what an online English tutor is and discover 12 platforms where you can find online English tutoring jobs with no degree necessary. Discover if teaching online without a degree is possible. But if you don’t have a Bachelor’s degree, you probably think your chances of teaching English online without a degree are slim to none. This program will prepare you to understand how to teach students a foreign language and help you master your own communication skills. Nov 13, 2024 · Do You Need a Degree to Teach English in Brazil? One of the most commonly asked questions is: “Can you teach English in Brazil without a degree?” The answer is yes, you can teach English in Brazil without a degree, but it’s important to understand that not having one might impact your pay rate and job options. Depending on the state, you might be able to earn your degree in any subject and then get your certification through an alternative program. A bachelor's degree is required to get an E2 visa to be able to teach French legally in Korea, so you would need to obtain that before even considering looking for teaching positions here. Aug 30, 2022 · Yes, it's absolutely possible! We’ll share some online English tutoring companies that hire teachers without bachelor's degrees, give you tips for standing out when applying to jobs, and even offer alternative avenues for teaching online. You can go to oct. Earn your French degree online and enhance your career potential. Are you a teacher searching for online French tutoring jobs? Discover TUTOROO, an online learning platform, featuring thousands of French teaching jobs. Mar 22, 2020 · Yes, you can teach English online without a degree! Here is an updated list of companies currently accepting applicants. Its possible to be hired but you won't be paid at teachers wages without a teaching degree. You will also need to be registered with the relevant government body (such as the Victorian Institute of Teaching). As a student in the B. and then take an AQ or ABQ (one course that can be taken in 1-4 months depending This is especially true for private language schools, international schools, and structured teaching programs. You Can Teach English in France! Teaching English is probably the most common way for native English-speaking expats to earn money in France. Opportunities to teach students from around the world from the comfort of your own home. BlingABC BlingABC offers . Also not sure about the union status and protection but honestly there are lots of boards hiring unqualified French teachers if you want to go that route. Mar 2, 2021 · Discover these free French courses on OpenLearn. com. Aug 18, 2024 · If you're looking for a company to teach English online from the comfort of your own home, then we've got the list of the best 24 places for 2025. Many online ESL companies will hire English teachers without a bachelor’s degree or prior experience. Learn about how to teach English in France, discover teaching jobs in France, and read reviews from fellow teachers. Teach English online opportunities for non-degree holders. While a degree can be beneficial, it is entirely possible to teach English online without one. Ability to closely follow the steps and instructions provided for at least 5 available hours per week — Reliable internet connection. After hours and hours of research and even speaking to other teachers and friends around the world, I did find some schools hiring online English teachers without a degree. Or teach English online from anywhere in the world. What's great is that a lot of these companies let you teach right from your computer, making it super easy to meet students from anywhere in the globe. Explore TEFL certification, job prospects, and global opportunities. Courses are divided into trial lessons and 25 & 50-minute standard lessons. May 24, 2025 · You do not need a degree to teach English online. Any age can apply. I went to school in Southern Ontario - all my french teachers sounded like shit - but they were also rare at that time. There are many tutoring platforms where aspiring tutors can find jobs as tutors, even if they don’t have a degree or diploma. Other wonderful services exist that allow you to teach English online without a degree from Feb 26, 2025 · Unlock the opportunity to teach Spanish online! Discover how passion and skill can lead to success, even without a formal degree. With the right platform, a TEFL certification, and a strategic approach to marketing yourself, you can build a thriving career as an online English teacher. Jan 7, 2023 · Do you want to know the 12 best websites to teach languages online and make money? We will cover topics such as what languages are offered, what type of payment structure they use, how one can apply to become a language tutor, and any other information you need to know in order to be successful when teaching languages online. Be your own boss! The ultimate guide: salaries, qualifications, jobs without a degree or experience and more about Teaching English programmes & schools To teach English in France, you must meet certain prerequisites. Nov 27, 2024 · French tutor online on LiveXP. This is a language school that offers both kids and adults French classes. It's up to you when and where to work because you set your own schedule and teach students online. #MagicEars# Master French at your own pace with Ana Teaches French! Whether you're a beginner or advanced, my customized online lessons will help you achieve your language goals. The students are mainly beginners level of French, and they have intermediate level of English , so if they have difficulties understanding French vocabularies in Jul 2, 2021 · Want to find an opportunity to teach English online with no degree? Check out these 17 top sites in our guide to find the right job pick. S Where to Find Online English Teaching Jobs Berlitz New Jersey-based Japanese language platform that hires remote online language teachers worldwide. Jan 4, 2023 · An online French degree can open new doors for you in terms of your career and prospects. What are the best sites to teach English online without a degree? I've already got a 160 Hours TEFL Certificate, four in total (A 120Hr, a TEYL certificate and two 160Hrs). ca and click on "Becoming a Teacher" for details on what qualifications you need. Feb 23, 2023 · When searching for TEFL jobs abroad, it’s common to see a bachelor’s degree as a requirement – especially in Asia. ED. However, it is still possible to teach English in France without a degree, particularly if you work as a private tutor or offer freelance English lessons. Apr 4, 2024 · How to teach French conversation lessons online or in Paris? As a private tutor, Caroline explains how to create engaging online French conversation lessons. Apr 30, 2025 · Unlock the secrets to teaching English online without a degree and discover how you can start your rewarding journey today! Want to Teaching English Without a Degree in 2025? Here's how to get started, what to expect, and where to find ESL jobs. In this post, I list the most common English companies that hire teachers without degrees. With steady demand, fair pay, and students who truly value your work, it’s one of the more rewarding niches in the online teaching world. Teaching French students isn’t for everyone—it helps to enjoy precise language, structured lessons, and clear feedback—but if those strengths match your style, you’ll likely thrive. Over the years, it’s become a key qualification for teachers looking to work abroad or online. Yes there are Online ESL companies that don't require a Degree, most are teaching adults and they usually pay less than the companies that teach kids. Learn more about being a German teacher at the K-12 level and view your state's specific teaching certification requirements online. In a student-teacher relationship, it is essential to implement a"2-way street" where students feel comfortable to ask questions and challenge themselves. Having prior teaching experience will definitely help you find a job in the competitive French teaching market, but you don’t need experience to teach in France. Jul 5, 2019 · Today, it is possible to teach English online without a degree. Jul 26, 2025 · Learn about teaching abroad and discover a list of 10 programs that offer teaching jobs abroad with no degree specification, including requirements and teaching locations. Jul 26, 2025 · In this article, we review what French teachers do and explain the steps necessary to become one. There are many French tutors who The center invites individuals aged 18 to 70 to apply for the Teach French & Learn Arabic ONLINE program, without the necessity of academic or professional degrees. Summer camps, kindergartens and some private schools will accept teachers without teaching experience but it is important that you have a TEFL qualification. It’s significantly easier to get a visa as a citizen of an EU member state compared to teachers You do not need to have a teaching degree to become certified. We’ll support you every step of the way, from immersive training to a wealth of resources and ongoing professional development. Apply to French Teacher, Tutor, Teacher and more! If you have a good command of the French language and an infectious passion for teaching, here is a practical guide to help you embark on this exciting adventure as an online French tutor. Want to teach English online without a degree? Use these tips to become a successful online English teacher without higher education. Are you a teacher searching for online French tutoring jobs? Discover Preply, an online learning platform, featuring thousands of French teaching jobs. 92/5 by 61309 learners) for private classes focused on your language learning goals, whether that's speaking skills, general fluency or exam preparation. Up to $70 per hour for teaching from your laptop! As a native french speaker, speaking fluent english, and without a degree (I mean no university only high school), is it possible, realistic regarding the current demand, to earn an extra income, let's say at least 200€/month, teaching french online? If it was possible, would it be hard to find clients? Thank you! Bachelor’s degree courses You need a bachelor’s degree in any subject to train to teach in primary, secondary and special schools in England. Sep 9, 2019 · Teach English online without a degree, no experience needed! Check out these 12 websites where you can teach English online, no degree requirements. No minimum time commitment or fixed schedule. Here’s an updated list of 18 companies hiring ESL teachers right now. Although this program is delivered 100 percent online, some classes require your attendance on specific days and times. Set your availability to the times that best suit you with no set minimum. wisn olcc bjylb ybeca ttppm kimmd xmsy klibb femxn zbi

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