Traverse surveying calculations pdf. electronic distance measurement 6.

• Traverse surveying calculations pdf The traverse is the red dash-dot line. 7. -Signs of Departures and Latitudes. Describe the procedure of traversing; Calculate co-ordinates by way of the Bowditch method; Mention and describe the types of traverses; Comprehend the identify the class of traverse, accuracy and proportional closure; INTRODUCTION TRAVERSE Mar 1, 2021 · I have shared an excel spreadsheet for Traverse Corrections and Traverse Calculations by Compass Rule or Bowditch Rule. Sample problems are provided for each type of traverse that involve measuring angles, calculating errors of closure, and adjusting angular values. Having undergone through this study, the student will be able to understand the basic principles of traverse surveying, the correct way to record the observations in traverse table field work, checks and errors, Mar 9, 2017 · This document provides information about traversing and site surveying techniques. Closed Traverse A traverse is said to be closed when a complete circuit is made, i. Compute course latitudes and departures. Chain/Tape Survey: This is the simple method of taking the linear measurement using a chain or tape with no angular measurements made. The lengths are horizontal distances, and the azimuths or bearings are true, magnetic, assumed, or grid. Compute the angular error and adjust the angles. It defines a traverse as a series of lines connecting survey points. The document describes a traverse survey which establishes control points by measuring horizontal distances and angles between stations using a total station. *Balancing latitude and departure -Correction for ∆E& ∆N: Bowditch adjustment or compass method -The example… Q-Cogo uses JavaScript for all land survey calculations: to use Q-Cogo, you MUST enable JavaScript in your browser. The surveying performed to evaluate such field measurements is known as traversing. Consider Fig. 7 Electronic Notebook 7. In this section, we will delve into the significance of traverse surveys, their historical context, and their relevance in modern engineering and land development projects. Aug 17, 2020 · Traverse Angle: Angle between two traverse legs, formed at a vertex/station. Also some measurement which is omitted, they are also parts of closed traverse. Also I have described about Traversing: what are the types of Traverse (closed traverse, Open Traverse), Traverse calculations and adjustment of closing errors, traverse May 2, 2016 · Common surveying instruments and methods used in traverse surveying include chain, compass, theodolite, and plane table. 1. Traverse calculations involve adjusting angles or directions to ensure closure of the network of points. In this chapter we will cover computational differences between closed loop and link traverses. An example of a strong shape often used for studying deformation, such as on a landslide (Baum and others, 1988; Johnson & Baum, 1987) or for from an earthquake (Cruikshank and other, 1996; Johnson and others, 1997), is a braced It is arbitrary or permanent reading through which the survey works are done and calculation of the reduced level is done. traditional horizontal control survey techniques 3. This document discusses the basics of traversing in surveying. n. Key steps include defining the observations, constraints, and objective to minimize the weighted residuals of adjusted Formatting techniques are not provided, and it is assumed the user has basic knowledge of Microsoft Excel. D. In order to ease this process and to avoid various computational errors, this research presents an Object Oriented Program for the complete automation of the Traverse survey adjustment/computation process. A traverse is developed by measuring the distance and angles between points that find the boundary of a site 4 Survey traverse uncertainty Like any surveying technique, the uncertainty of a conventional survey traverse will directly propagate into the final survey control mark coordinate uncertainty. Also Read: Reconnaissance Survey in Civil Engineering. TANDON for the civil engineering students. This relative accuracy (or, more correctly, This document is a spreadsheet program for open loop traverse computation observed by total station. electronic distance measurement 6. It also provides objectives and guidelines for station selection and traverse calculations to determine coordinate positions and ensure survey accuracy. It provides an overview of Excel Solver, the basic theory of least squares adjustment, and examples of setting up traverse adjustment models in Excel. 1 which shows the same parcel of land, as in Fig. Survey closure standards. The document describes the steps to calculate the coordinates and area of a traverse survey. It is used for running survey lines between stations, which have been previously fixed by other methods of survey, to locate the topographic details. The document discusses different types of surveying traverses including interior angle, deflection angle, angle to the right, and azimuth traverses. 2 Grass N A C D E B Horizontal Control •Horizontal control is required for initial survey work (detail surveys) and for setting out. 1). If not, some calculation has been done incorrectly between the field data and this point. It involves calculating the latitude and departure of each line, summing the totals, and determining corrections. Closed Link Traverse 1. The scheme of observations is as shown in Figure E. Bearing: Horizontal angle bet ween reference meridian and survey line w hich is measured in clockwise and anticlockwise Apr 15, 2024 · This example shows how the Bowditch calculation sheet, introduced in Chapter 10, is used in a simple traverse to fix the positions of two unknown points (C and D, in Figure E. Q-Cogo has no maximum number of points, but zooming and panning sketches with many points (500+) will result in laggy performance on slow computers. 6, but this time with a traverse. Methods of plane table survey. Acceptable traverses have angular and linear misclosures The document describes the process of traverse calculations to determine the area of a closed polygon using angular measurements and linear measurements between points. It begins by introducing traverses and their use of vectors to create polygons in space using direction and distance measurements. A closed traverse also has a misclose ratio 1: x. 4. locating the boundaries of lakes, woods, etc. It consists of a series of lines extending in the same general direction and not returning to the starting point. 4 Numerical Example / 285 16. This document discusses traverse computations and adjustments. traverse misclosures) relate to the relative accuracy derived from a particular survey. A traverse is aseries of consecutive straight lines along the path of a survey, the lengths and directions of which are or have been determined by field mea­ surements. Progress around the traverse adding Latitudes algebraically to obtain the N-S (Latitude) coordinates at each station. Purpose of traverse: It is a convenient, rapid method for establishing horizontal control particularly when the lines of sights are short due to heavily built up areas where triangulation and trilateration are not applicable. secondary or temporary horizontal control 4. Keywords: Surveying, traverse, propagation of variances. 7. Closed traverse survey using total station has particularly become popular in recent times. The program provides 1000 rows for calculations and the calculated coordinates can be copied and pasted into b. There are two types of traverse surveying. Aug 12, 2017 · PDF | This descriptive research focuses on the role of land surveying in the development of an architectural plan through the detailed engineering | Find, read and cite all the research you Know what control survey entails and their roles in engineering and mine surveying. –4. R. E. 2) Traverse Adjustment - allows series of stations used as traverse to be calculated for closure. This document discusses methods for computing latitude, departure, and area for traverse surveys in surveying. The lengths of the sides are measured and the interior details are recorded. Example_of_traverse_calculation - Free download as Excel Spreadsheet (. Setup total station at a point on traverse (Center and level), and hold reflection rod at another point (not the diagonal point). Open Traverse: (LINK TRAVERSE) A traverse is said to be open or unclosed when it does not form a closed polygon. Determine the error of closure and accuracy; if unacceptable, then redo traverse or parts of traverse. A traverse is sim-ply a series of survey lines that are run at convenient locations, usually not too far from actual boundary lines. Plane Tabling using Traversing Method . au March 2006 ABSTRACT Given a set of cadastral traverse measurements reduced to a local plane, grid coordinates (EN,) can be computed in two ways: (i) reduce the traverse more sophisticated mathematical techniques are required for proper traverse analysis. 2 Observation Equations / 283 16. Distances, angles, directions, locations, elevations, areas, and volumes are thus determined from the data of the survey. General. Traversing is used to establish coordinates for new points which can then be used for mapping existing features or setting out new work. Dada Sheet and Table method work clock wise surveying -Gales Traverse Table. They provide you with the best, worst and all closures depending on which station you start from. edu. Types of Surveying. 6riduzhkdyhehhqphdvxulqjkrul]rqwdo dqjohve\xvlqjd&rpsdvvzlwkuhvshfwwrphulgldq zklfklvohvvdffxudwhdqgdovrlwlvqrwsrvvleohwr phdvxuhyhuwlfdodqjohvzlwkd&rpsdvv Compass Surveying INTRODUCTION In chain surveying the area to be surveyed is divided into a number of triangles. Open Traverse An open traverse (figure 7-1) originates at a Surveyors get around such problems by “running a traverse”. 5 Minimum Amount of Control / 291 16. Key terms in traverse surveying include bearings, meridians, and reductions of bearings. Point telescope at the reflection mirror and press distance button. where . List of Surveying Formulas (for All Concepts) Oct 5, 2017 · The document is a field work report for a surveying exercise to set out a ranging curve. Surveying - Traverse Almost all surveying requires some calculations to reduce measurements into a more helpful form for determining distance, earthwork volumes, land areas, etc. Traversing is used for surveying details, setting Nov 29, 2015 · The document describes procedures for traversing fieldwork such as collecting angle and distance measurements, calculating bearings, latitudes and departures, and adjusting for closure errors. –3. Closed traverses allow errors to be checked while open traverses do not, so closed traverses are preferred for engineering projects. . Traverses can be closed (forming a polygon or link) or open. Traverse surveying is presented as a method that provides higher accuracy compared to triangulation and trilateration techniques. 2) The methodology section explains how to perform closed and open traverses, taking horizontal angle and distance measurements at each station. 1 Introduction / 310 17. Fig 1 (a) open traverse (b) closed link traverse (c) closed loop traverse A E Connected Traverse Point Side Length Bearing ∆E ∆N E N A AB L AB α AB L ABsinα AB L ABcosα AB E A N A B BC L BC α BC L BCsinα BC L BCcosα BC C CD L CD α CD L CDsinα CD L CDcosα CD D DE L DE α DE L DEsinα A traverse is a continuous series of connected lines of known lengths related to one another by known angles. Wolf, 2008) This figure represents a typical traverse tie. g. This document Open navigation menu LAB #3: SURVEY OF AN AREA BY CHAIN SURVEY (CLOSED TRAVERSE) Objective: To survey an open field by chain survey in order to calculate the area of the open field. Traverse Adjustments. This paper presents some relatively simple techniques that can be employed to give reliable estimations of the precision of traverse stations that allows a simple assessment of the quality of a traverse. May 10, 2015 · 2. 1, with stations A, B, E and F having known co-ordinates. You can choose between Compass and Transit Rule and do closed and open traverse adjusments. Survey data is portrayed graphically by the construction of maps, profiles, cross sections, and diagrams. x =traverse perimeter linear misclose; e. Similarly, it does not start and end at points whose positions on plan are known. Rise and Fall Method Formula 1. deakin@rmit. There are two types or classes of traverses. 2. when it Surveying manual Surveying is the science of determining the relative positions of objects or points on the earth’s surface. A traverse is a series of consecutive lines whose lengths and directions have been measured to extend horizontal control over a site. 6 Adjustment of Networks / 291 16. 2 GPS Observations / 311 Focused Approach Compass Surveying TRAVERSE In traverse surveying the direction of survey lines are fixed by angular measurements and not by forming a network of triangles as is done in chain surveying. Also I have described about Traversing: what are the types of Traverse (closed traverse, Open Traverse), Traverse calculations and adjustment of closing errors, traverse precision, latitude and departure, Bowditch Rule/Compass Rule, Transit Rule etc. It is also suitable for the survey of roads, rivers, etc. *Traverse Calculations -Traverse Calculation. A traverse is one means ofproviding a network of horizontal control in which position is determined by a combination ofangle and iv) Archeological survey is carried out to discover and map ancient/relies of antiquity. 1 Introduction to Traverse Adjustments / 283 16. Traverse surveys are a fundamental component of land surveying, providing the foundation for accurately determining the position of points on the Earth's surface. It requires instruments to measure angles and distances 2. 3. 2) For area calculations to be accurate, the interior angles of a closed traverse must sum to (n-2)×180 degrees, where n is the number of sides. It then describes how to carry out a traverse by measuring angles and distances between stations. Objective: To plot a small area by chain surveying Theory: Chain surveying is that type of surveying in which only liner measurements are made in the field. Surveying - Traverse Almost all surveying requires some calculations to reduce measurements into a more useful form for determining distance, earthwork volumes, land areas, etc. Jun 29, 2016 · Procedure Traverse; Calculations Traverse . bearing and azimuth determination 5. Dec 10, 2012 · Traversing is a fundamental operation in surveying and the assessment of the quality of a traverse is a skill that every surveyor develops. •It consists of a series of lines extending in the same general direction and does not return to the starting point. Compute course bearings or azimuths. Distances and directions determine the horizontal positions of these points. Errors in the measurements were detected through misclosure calculations and TRAVERSE SURVEYING Referencing Traverse Stations: Figure: 1 (C. The point and angular closures (i. The paper discusses various traverse types such as link, polygonal, open, and closed traverses, emphasizing their specific applications in surveying-related tasks like marking boundaries and planning routes. Jun 25, 2019 · If all necessary bearings of a traverse are first converted to decimal azimuths, calculations become much easier. When conducting a traverse, stations should be intervisible This calculation give us information about latitude and departure and length of traverse line for theodolite traversing. Procedure for surveying the given open field (Closed Traverse): Note: This procedure is general procedure only. Explain what traverse is and know the field methods and computational methods related to it. traverse legs. Let’s assume that line AB in Figure 1 has a bearing of N 60° 50’23 Theory: Definition: Surveying which involves series of connected lines is known as traversing The sides of traverse are known is known as Traverse legs. May 1, 2021 · Traverse survey is an integral pa rt of plane control survey, wh ich is to select a batch of plane control points in the survey area to form a plane control network, and use accurate methods to Traversing is a method of control survey that establishes control points by transferring coordinates from known stations through a series of intervisible points. Compass Survey: Here horizontal angular measurements are made using • Local attraction, correcting the bearings for local attraction. A series of connected survey lines of known lengths and directions is called a traverse. In traversing with a compass free or loose needle method is employed to determine direction of survey line. This uncertainty is attributable to network design, the number of instrument setups, the measurement Mar 23, 2019 · Common surveying instruments and methods used in traverse surveying include chain, compass, theodolite, and plane table. docx), PDF File (. One of the principles ofengineering surveying, as discussed in section 1. if the traverse perimeter is 850 Lecture 7 Traverse Adjustment and Area Computation by DMD and DPD - Free download as PDF File (. Survey closure standards listed in Tables 4-1 and 4-2 should be used as a basis for classifying, standardizing, and evaluating survey work. –5. and for the survey of moderately large areas. 3 Redundant Equations / 284 16. •The simplest form is a TRAVERSE - used to find out the co-ordinates of loop traverse) or on another point of known position (closed link traverse) computational checks can be applied to a closed traverse to check the quality of the survey. This document discusses procedures for traverse calculations including adjusting angles or directions, determining bearings or azimuths, calculating latitudes and departures, balancing angles of closed traverses, adjusting latitudes and departures using the compass rule, calculating rectangular An underground Peg Calculation using the Double Set-Up Method Underground Peg Calculation using the "Double Set Up" Method This application is designed to solve the common underground Mine Survey problem of determining and checking the [Y, X, Z] (or [E, N, Z]) ordinates a new Peg. It defines a traverse as a polygon of 2D or 3D vectors whose sides are expressed as polar coordinates or rectangular coordinate differences. This document contains a traverse sheet summarizing the distances, directions, coordinate differences, and calculations performed for an unspecified traverse survey. ii. The lengths of the lines are determined by direct measurement of horizontal distances, slope measurement, or by indirect measurement using the methods of stadia or the subtense bar. 2. Types of traverse. The purpose includes: - Ground control surveys for photogrammetric mapping. If acceptable, move to step 5. For the GTS surveys work, the surveyor uses an identified or permanent benchmark to calculate the elevation of the points. 0 Introduction According to the method employed, surveying is classified into Triangulation surveying and Traverse surveying. Key calculations include determining latitude and departure values from distance and bearing, summing totals, calculating corrections using Bowditch's method, and computing the 2 Memorial University of Newfoundland 1 ENGI3703- Surveying and Geomatics Fall 2007 Departures and Latitudes After balancing the angles, the next step in traverse computation is calculation of either azimuths or bearings. This relative The following pdf lecture is created by GAURAV. When triangulation is not possible, traversing method is used. A traverse is developed by measuring the distance and angles between points that found the boundary of a site Hypsometric Levelling in Surveying; Gales Traverse Table in Surveying - Excel, PDF, Image; 12+ Surveying Formulas helpful for Civil Engineers; 150+ Surveying Topics helpful for Civil Engineers; 75 Railway Engineering Topics helpful for Civil En Bench Marks in Surveying - Definition, and Types are the mathematical calculations. Record distance (in feet) and zenith angle (Z). 9. A closed traverse survey was conducted with 4 stations marked over 25m apart in a polygon shape, with the starting and ending points overlapping. It allows the user to input observed angles and distances between stations and calculates bearings, coordinates, and coordinate differences between stations using trigonometric formulas. 2 SURVEY CLOSURE STANDARDS. Ghilani, P. Plane Table Survey- Principles, Advantages and disadvantages, Equipment, Accessories and their uses. Unlike a loop traverse, a link traverse does not close back on itself. This document contains a survey exam with multiple choice and free response questions. The purposes of traverses include property surveys, control for mapping, and construction layout. Know the types of traverses and perform all the calculations that are required to obtain traverse coordinates from measured angles and distances. Nov 28, 2013 · Procedure Traverse; Calculations Traverse . It includes information on the materials and tools used, two methods for setting out the curve (offset from tangent line and using deflection angles), and results including calculation data and tables of station coordinates, chords, and deflection angles. A traverse is developed by measuring the distance and angles between points that find the boundary of a site Traversing is the method of using lengths and directions of lines between points to determine positions of the points. The purpose is to document the Traversing is that type of survey in which a number of connected survey lines form the framework and the directions and lengths of the survey lines are measured with the help of an angle measuring instrument and tape or chain respectively. FM 5-233 TYPES OF TRAVERSE Construction surveying makes use of two basic types of traverse—open traverse and closed traverse. Several techniques can be used to compute the area within a traverse, including graphical and angular methods. Key steps include determining the angular misclosures, balancing any errors, calculating directions of sides, latitudes and departures, adjusting any linear misclosures, and calculating the enclosed area using double meridian 4. CORE – Aggregating the world’s open access research papers SURVEYING 1 final exam - Free download as Word Doc (. –2. Also, take a look at the Land Survey Calculations Excel Spreadsheet. It discusses open, closed, and connecting traverses. traverse surveys 8. Calculations are shown for whole circle bearings, coordinate differences, and adjusting for errors. The procedure involved selecting a benchmark, taking readings from stations around the benchmark, moving the level to new positions and reading the benchmark again. The document The lengths and azimuths or bearings of each line of the traverse are estimated through field measurements. There are two main types of traverses discussed: open traverses which begin and end at known points, and closed traverses which start and finish at the same point or two known points, allowing for accuracy This document discusses traversing techniques in surveying. Fig 1 (a) open traverse (b) closed link traverse (c) closed loop traverse 1 | P a g e Engineering Surveying 1 ECESU1A (2020) CHAPTER 4 : TRAVERSE SURVEYING LEARNING OUTCOMES. Although often used in land and route surveying, it is also loop traverse) or on another point of known position (closed link traverse) computational checks can be applied to a closed traverse to check the quality of the survey. traverse can be summarized in six basic steps, as follows: –1. There are two types of traverses: open traverses that begin and end at different known points, and closed traverses that begin and end at the same known point, allowing for adjustment. 5. The whole area is 4 Survey traverse uncertainty Like any surveying technique, the uncertainty of a conventional traverse survey will directly propagate into the final survey control mark coordinate uncertainty. The document discusses traverse computations in surveying. Traversing is normally associated with the field work of measuring angles and distances between points on the ground. I have prepared an excel Theodolite Traversing Calculation - Calculation (2) - Free download as Word Doc (. It outlines the components and functions of surveying equipment used, including theodolites, tripods, level rods, and plummets. This document describes how to use Microsoft Excel Solver to perform least squares adjustment of survey traverse data. xls), PDF File (. H . It covers the compass rule and transit rule for balancing latitudes and departures. Figure 1. These Instructional PDFs were written while using Microsoft Excel 2019. Short length are convenient, also that length of ties is shorter than a steel tape being used is convenient. •A traverse is said to be an open traverse when it does not form a closed polygon. 2 Survey Menu 1) A traverse is a series of measured lines that form the boundary of an area. The document contains details of calculations for a closed traverse survey using the Bowditch method and the Transit method. 7 2 Test: Goodness of Fit / 300 Problems / 301 17 ADJUSTMENT OF GPS NETWORKS 310 17. Two point and three point problems. Types of Surveys: Geodetic Surveying: The type of surveying that takes into account the Surveying Calculations. e. 1. The first example shows calculations for a traverse with station positions, observed fore and back bearings, differences between bearings, included angles, and corrected bearings and stations free from attraction. In traverse work, the survey lines are measured by chain or jdleykfoxlibrary kvalp re3ch00l rtrtq onterey,california9s943-b00s The spreadsheets are free to download and will do the traverse adjusments for you. *Balancing latitude and departure -Correction for ∆E& ∆N: Bowditch adjustment or compass method -The example… Mar 14, 2018 · Are you looking for a simple way to calculate your traverse with a traverse computation sheet? Here you go!I have shared an excel spreadsheet for Traverse Corrections and Traverse Calculations by Compass Rule or Bowditch Rule. 12. The program can then calculate the adjustments required in the stations to ensure closure. pdf), Text File (. It is a method of surveying in which the area to be divided into a number of triangles. The multiple choice section covers topics like EDM, transit parts, tapes, and leveling. The same procedure is used for Departures. traverse survey guidelines 9. We present you with a host of formulas (more than 60) for your reference to solve all important surveying operations and questions. The closure on the initial point should result in the same coordinates as the original point. Compass Surveying – Principles use of Prismatic Compass, Measurement of bearings, Conversion of bearings, Local attraction, Correction of compass traverse. When the area is large, undulating and having more details, the scheme of triangulation may not be feasiblClIn such cases traversing is very useful and is generally adopted. 3) The results section shows the raw and corrected horizontal angle data tables, with the total correction of 1. It is however pivotal to understand the underlying concepts of open traverse calculations and closed traverse calculations. The key steps are determining angular measurements, computing errors of closure importance etc. The compass is setup at each of the successive station and fore & back bearing of A traverse is a survey where you have occupied each station and measured each angle and distance between points. 16. Be sure the telescope is still pointed This is similar to that of Compass Survey or Transit Traversing. It includes an introduction to closed and open traverse surveying. traverse computations and adjustments 10. 2011 Survey Summit -- User Presentation Keywords: 2011 Survey Summit -- User Presentation, Math for Surveyors Created Date: 6/27/2011 4:16:59 PM traverse has a linear misclose which is the length of an assumed ‘misclose vector’ (or missing line) whose east and north components are the sums of the east and north components of the . This uncertainty is attributable to network design, the number of instrument setups, the measurement the survey sub-menus in the SDR 33 are: 1) Topography - allows topography of a region to be measured. Jul 12, 2015 · This document summarizes a closed traverse surveying experiment conducted by students. -Coordinate conversions. Demo Version available! 1) The document describes conducting a boundary survey using a total station to collect angle and distance measurements along traverse lines. They are: TRAVERSE COMPUTATION ON THE UTM PROJECTION FOR SURVEYS OF LIMITED EXTENT R. coordinate computations 7. 4, is that horizontal and vertical control must be established for surveying detail and for set­ ting out engineering projects. It begins by explaining control surveys and coordinate systems used in surveying like rectangular and polar coordinates. Adjustment Calculation of Traverse Survey Traverse survey is an integral part of plane control survey, which is to select a batch of plane control points in the survey area to form a plane control network, and use accurate methods to measure the plane positions of these points and calculate their coordinates. •It is suitable for the survey of a long narrow strip of H. traverse adjustment (compass rule) 11. doc / . doc), PDF File (. Deakin School of Mathematical and Geospatial Sciences, RMIT University email: rod. 2 days ago · Traverse surveying has been one of the most basic survey types being used for ages by surveyors. This tie consist of distance observation made to nearby fixed objects. A traverse may be (a) Closed or (b) Unclosed. Here the following topics of Surveying are discussed: Definition of Surveying; Objectives of Surveying; Principle of Surveying; Uses of Surveying; Types of surveying; Classifications of Surveying; Ranging, Tapes, Chains, Linear measurements; Chain Traverse Calculations - Free download as PDF File (. Export results in multiple formats including PDF, CSV, and CAD-compatible files. Classification Based on Instrument Used i. An open traverse is called a first class traverse. are explained in greater details with emphasis on traverse adjustments and computations. In order for a link traverse to be closed, the positions of its endpoints must be known. Closed traverses provide the primary method used in checking surveying field work. To solve the surveying problems easily, students should learn and remember the basic formulas based on certain fundamentals such as slope, distance, angle, and geometry. Equipments: Chain, Tape, Ranging Rods, Arrows, Cross Staff. txt) or read online for free. It lists the station names and coordinates, distances and directions between stations, delta Y and delta X values, misclosures, corrections, and final calculated coordinates for unknown stations. These points may be any physical thing: a highway, culvert, ditch, storm drain inlet, or property corner. ncmn fqkxlfd aosih feljudvx nffkso lykwfn ibuljdag znc vetkv aoe sueqt hmtu pio ofqe yjasa