Namagiri hills. Throughout the Niyamgiri hills, the Dongria Kondh tribe lives in the spread villages. - Issue Date: Sep 15, 2013 May 17, 2023 · Describes the case of Dongria Kondh tribe in India asserting their Constitutional rights to reclaim Niyamgiri Hills. Suna Majhi, a tribal from one of the affected villages, said the villagers cannot sell the hills and mountains to companies. 1 On nature, culture and identity 4. Namagiri Thayar, Hindu Goddess, form of Lakshmi. While the refinery in Lanjigarh has been built, it depends on bauxite brought by train and truck from far away. Deomali; 12. Even though Vedanta Resource’s proposal to mine bauxite at the sacred mountain in Orissa’s Kalahandi district is rejected, for thousands of tribals like Laksa Majhi Mar 19, 2016 · The SC heard the plea on March 4 and referred the matter to a three-judge bench for further consideration. Economic and Political Weekly 43 (15):19-21. They are home to more than 8,000 of the Dongria Kondh people, whose religion and lifestyle have helped nurture the area’s dense forests and unusually rich wildlife. The quaint mountain range, located in close proximity to the Dhenkanal district, is sure to captivate your heart and lure your mind with its abundant beauty and it won’t be wrong to say that it is one of the most beautiful hill stations in Odisha. Articulations and responses of the Dongria Kondh 4. The tribes live outside of the reach of technology and contemporary civilization. 3 The Mining Proposal 4. April 2008. A Temple dedicated to the Goddess Namagiri Amman. Apr 15, 2018 · Four days after Dongria Kondhs rejected bauxite mining in Niyamgiri hills, villagers of Kesarpadi also opposed mining in the hills. Aug 26, 2013 · RSTV takes you this time in to the dense forests of Niyamgiri hills in Odisha, inhabited by the primitive Dongriya and Kutia Kond tribes. Authors: Geetanjoy Sahu. It forms the northernmost hill in the massif of the cluster of hills called the Niyamgiris or the Dongaria Kondh country. “We are also facing the heat of the local police who arrested 90 Aug 16, 2010 · Niyamgiri Hill. 25 degree E longitude (Patnaik, N. This paper also discusses 2020 •. 1 The Panchayat System 3. It is situated within the temple complex of the Narasimha Swamy kovil. Sijimali and Kutrumali mines have been opened to Vedanta and Adani Nov 23, 2022 · Inter Press Service. and Daspatnaik, P. Tight security was in None of these. These tribes have w Jul 24, 2014 · The Niyamgiri Gram Sabhas showed Adivasi democracy at its best, and in many ways are representative of how tribal meetings work. 2. Namagiripettai block, a revenue block in the Namakkal district of Tamil Nadu, India. Forest lands have experienced immense pressure from the increasing demand for the diversion of land and resources for commercial Dec 18, 2014 · As an aftermath of the Supreme Court’s decision to allow the environmental clearances of both the alumina refinery and the mining plant, the Dongria Kondh rose together to protest this decision. Image Source. Km. Khonds (also spelt Kondha and Kandha) are an indigenous Adivasi tribal community in India. Today’s ruling by India’s Supreme Court that the Indigenous (Adivasi) communities will have the final decision on plans for a bauxite mine by a subsidiary of UK-based Vedanta Resources in the Niyamgiri hills of Orissa is a landmark victory in recognizing indigenous rights in India, Amnesty International said today. They worship the mountain God Niyam Raja. Oct 22, 2016 · Fueled by the continuous protests and mass support for the tribe, the Government of India sent a team of experts to the Niyamgiri Hills in 2010. The rich biodiversity in the Karlapat and Kotgarh landscapes is part of Niyamgiri Hill. Aug 24, 2010 · Tribals at Niyamgiri feel only half the battle won. May 22, 2017 · At the beginning of this month, 20-year-old Kuni Sikaka was picked up by the Odisha police from her home in Barca village in the hills. 4 On changes in the way of life 5. Abstract The Dongria Kondhs are a small indigenous community of about 8000 people living in the Eastern Ghats in the State of Odisha in India. May 6, 2017 · The police claimed they picked up 20-year-old Kuni Sikaka from Gorta village atop the Niyamgiri Hills on May 2 after her name figured on the list of Maoists prepared for 2017. Even the activists defending rights of tribal and their institutions have been under attack. Activists at Aug 19, 2013 · Niyamgiri hills — home to 8,000-odd Dongria Kondhs, a primitive tribal group, a few hundred Kutia Kondhs and other forest-dwellers — is considered sacred by the indigenous tribes and others as Mar 31, 2009 · What will one tribe have to do to save everything they know?UPDATE: Victory! The Dongria Kondh have stopped Vedanta from mining their sacred mountain. Apr 19, 2023 · Niyamgiri case today serves as textbook example of good usage of free, prior informed consent, without which asymmetry of power between state & indigenous communities will continue. 08/09/2010 The rejection of forest clearance for mining Niyamgiri is indeed a historic decision. Apr 4, 2016 · After the state government’s fresh move to revive its proposed mining plan in Niyamgiri hills bordering Kalahandi and Rayagada districts, tribals residing in the hills are geared up for a strong Jul 31, 2023 · The Niyamgiri Hills in Odisha, home to the Dongria Kondh tribe, face potential threats due to proposed amendments to the Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980, raising concerns about the protection of their ancestral land and cultural identity. 2307/40277331. Jul 18, 2023 · Briefly explain. Learned counsel also submitted that if the mining is undertaken in Niyamgiri hills, it would destroy more than 7 sq. What did the court say? The court recognized the cultural, …. Relevance of Section 6 in the Act. Explore niyamgiri hills profile at Times of India for photos, videos and latest news of niyamgiri hills. Niyamgiri Hill located in Kalahandi district of Orissa. In 2003, the state government signed an MoU with Vedanta Aluminum Limited to set up an alumina refinery and a bauxite mining plant in the Niyamgiri hills. Malayagiri Hills (best hill station in odisha) 13. Niyamgiri answers. By Sayantan Bera. Each sub-group like the Dongria, Kutia, Desia, etc. The caves have numerous inscriptions, which illuminate the fact that the excavations of the caves were supported by various donations made by the rulers which signifies their patronage towards the community of monks. Mar 9, 2015 · The Niyamgiri hills or the ‘the hills of law’ and their foothills and plains are part of an important biodiverse landscape in Odisha, and constitute the habitat of Dongria and Kutia Kondh adivasi communities which have, along with some settled scheduled castes, been part of the Niyamgiris, and have themselves developed a close association Jul 18, 2023 · Briefly explain. Also find news, photos Niyamgiri is a hill range, about 250 sq. Huge stupa can be seen lying on the hill caves. Right to protection and conservation. Their recent history is characterized by resistance to the promise of development, to economic exploitation and exploitation of their way of life, their habitat, the Niyamgiri hills Apr 18, 2013 · India. This was upheld by the 2012 Supreme Court . Dongria Kondh. Though I did not witness them, I recently attended a Santal meeting in a village in Jharkhand, and the sense of democratic process there was very strong – allowing everyone to speak, with emphasis on reaching a consensus through allowing a full spectrum of strongly Feb 17, 2024 · 6. Niyamgiri Hills (hill station in odisha) 10. The issue of undermining the powers of gram sabhas is not specific to Odisha, with other state governments also making such attempts. [1] They sustain themselves from the resources of the Niyamgiri forests, practising horticulture and shifting cultivation. 2 On territory 4. Solution. Boating at the confluence of Kimiria and Brahmani rivers. The present ethnobotanical The Niyamgiri Hills form a mountain range in the Eastern Indian state of Orissa. and 83. The Dongaria Kondhs live on and worship the Niyamgiri Mountain on top of which a bauxite mining project was planned. When officials of a company that sub-leased the Oct 12, 2023 · Hills comprise over 50% of the State, and those who live here are mostly from the Scheduled Tribes and the Scheduled Castes. The Wire: The Wire News India, Latest News,News from India, Politics, External Affairs, Science, Economics, Gender and Culture niyamgiri hills News: Latest and Breaking News on niyamgiri hills. Verified by Toppr. km in Odisha. Trees bent with mangoes and jackfruits dropped manna for the occasional passerby. 2 Dongria Kondh Development Agency 3. The community’s religiosity became the primary focus of what became known as the Niyamgiri Movement. Vedanta Ltd has been unable to get final permission for mining bauxite from the Niyamgiri Hills. The 12th and final gram sabha or village level meeting held at Jarapa village in Muniguda block unanimously rejected the proposal, official sources said. Namagiripettai Krishnan (1924 – 2001), a Carnatic musician born in Namagiripettai. Deuli Hills (hill station in odisha) 7. 7 billion bauxite Jul 17, 2015 · Take the FIR filed on July 28, 2011, at the police station at Muniguda, to the east of the Niyamgiri hills. The Kondhs, a tribal community with several sub-groups, inhabit hills tracts of Odisha and parts of Andhra Pradesh. “No extra irrigation is required to grow kala mali phulo,” Kurmali Majhi, a farmer, told Nov 18, 2019 · Namagiri Amman Temple, Namakkal. Ever since the community turned down a proposal from Vedanta Aluminium to mine the Niyamgiri hills Jul 29, 2023 · The densely treed Niyamgiri Hills is home to the Dongria Kondh tribe, one of 13 particularly vulnerable tribal groups in Odisha. Tensa Valley (hill station in odisha) 8. On May 3, it held a Jan 1, 2010 · Niyamgiri hills, the abode of the primitive Dongria Kandha tribe in southwest Orissa, is a unique forest ecosystem harbouring a rich flora and vast natural resources. Garhjat Hill (Malayagiri Peak) BEST TIME TO VISIT : October to March. Khonds usually hold large tracts of fertile land, but still 6 days ago · Similarly, a subsidiary of Adani enterprises has secured the lease for the Kutrumali hills, said to have geological reserves of 128 million tonnes. The tribes were united by their primordial beliefs, ancestral stories, and animistic rituals. Apr 20, 2023 · Content for Mains Enrichment (CME) Source: DTE Ten years ago, on April 18, 2013, the Dongoria Kondhs, a vulnerable tribal group in India, won a landmark legal battle in the Supreme Court against Vedanta Company’s plans to exploit the Niyamgiri Hill for bauxite. The Dongria Kondhs emerged victorious on August 21, 2010, when a review of the mining project carried out by the MoEFCC exposed the violation of a number of environmental regulations by the company. Nairobi, Nov 23 (IPS) - The Dongria Kondhs say they are the descendants of Niramraja, a mythical god-king who is believed to have created the Niyamgiri range of hills in Odisha, an eastern Indian state on the Bay of Bengal. km. When it comes to India’s land-related conflicts, forests are most contested spaces in the country. This indigenous community has worshipped the Niyamgiri Mountain and lived in the region, which spans Feb 21, 2020 · ABSTRACT This paper analyses the representations of the religiosity of the indigenous Dongaria Kondh community in India by international and domestic activists. https: Oct 20, 2019 · The recent case of the Dongoria Kondhas, a particularly vulnerable tribal group (PVTGs) of Lanjigarh in Kalahandi district of Odisha, who resisted bauxite mining by Vedanta, a multinational corporation, in the Niyamgiri hills which is their sacred home, has been a landmark movement of tribal assertions. According to the legends, Namagiri Amman (or Namagiri Lakshmi) appeared in the Kamalalayam and performed penance which pleased Narasimha Swamy. Indigenous People. Aug 20, 2013 · Bhubaneswar: In a blow to the Odisha government’s plan for bauxite mining for Vedanta on the Niyamgiri hills, the 12th and last gram sabha held today in Rayagada district also rejected it. The Dongria Kondh tribe community, lives in the dense forest of the Niyamgiri hills of Odisha. Jan 25, 2010 · Niyamgiri hills, the abode of the primitive Dongria Kandha tribe in southwest Orissa, is a unique forest ecosystem harbouring a rich flora and vast natural resources. Apr 14, 2018 · Peopled by the Dongria Kondh, a particularly vulnerable tribal group, Lakhapadar was one of 12 villages from the region that were in the news five years ago for unanimously voting against a project by state government-owned Odisha Mining Corporation (OMC) and Sterlite Industries (which is now Vedanta Ltd, listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange and the National Stock Exchange). Every evening in the small hamlets spread over Oct 16, 2023 · Public hearing for Vedanta's bauxite mine in Odisha's Rayagada district ended with majority of villagers voicing concerns over potential adverse impact on local ecology. For centuries they have lived high in the Niyamgiri hills, relying on its bounty of fruits and vegetables, and the wild game they hunt with bow and arrow. 23 Jul, 2013, 04:06 AM IST Kalahandi's Dongria Kondhs refuse to allow Vedanta mine bauxite from Niyamgiri hills Feb 21, 2020 · The Dongaria Kondhs trace their ancestry to Niyamraja, a mythical god-king who is believed to have created the Niyamgiri range of hills and to have charged his descendants with their stewardship. Apr 12, 2008 · tries (India) (sul) to mine bauxite deposit In addition to this, both culturally and from the Niyamgiri hills jointly with the Orissa Mining Corporation (omc), ignoring environmental and human rights issues. This area was in fact designated as the elephant reserve by Orissa state in 2004. [2] : 18 They have been at the centre of a dispute over mining rights in the area. The Dongria Kondh of the Niyamgiri Hills 3. 1 This article seeks to address briefly the implications of the Vedanta Aluminium Refinery project on tribal rights in the Niyamgiri hills. This community sustains the Niyamgiri forest resources and subsistence farming. )t was declared as an Elephant Reserve by the State of Odisha in August 2004. Vedanta Resources has planned to mine the Niyamgiri Hill range, which is believed to be the home of deity Niyam Rajawhich, who is worshipped Niyamgiri Hills Case Study. Around a dirt bend, a warm symphony drifted from a hill slope: the strike of a sickle, the pitter-patter of seeds, […] Apr 29, 2017 · The 65-year-old activist and lawyer, Prafulla Samantara, who campaigned for 12 years to protect Odisha’s Dongria Kondh community from losing their home in Niyamgiri Hills to mining, was awarded Jun 18, 2022 · Around the lush green districts of Rayagarh and Kalahandi lies the range of Niyamgiri hills, which spreads over the 250 sq. Niyamgiri Hills is a well-known destination for the indigenous population. , has a distinct Aug 12, 2021 · Role of Ministry of Tribal Affairs. In what can be another example of state repression, the stringent UAPA (Unlawful Activities Prevention Act), 1967 was invoked against nine Dalit-adiva Namagiri may refer to: Namakkal, municipality in Tamil Nadu, India and its namesake, a large rock. Dec 20, 2018 · The sun rose above the jagged spires of the Niyamgiri hills, the sky a wisp of apricot on rolling mounds of green. Simlipal; 11. Although some villages in the vicinity of Lanjigarh have benefited by getting pakka roads, Vedanta-run anganwadi centres, petty employment opportunities and a Vedanta-run hospital, many villages in and around the hills remain cut-off from basic amenities. Published: Saturday 31 August 2013. hills of Orissa is a landmark victory in recognizing indigenous rights in India, Amnesty International said today. Jul 5, 2013 · Ignoring objections by the Union Ministry of Tribal Affairs, the Odisha government on Friday announced dates for conducting Gram Sabhas in 12 villages of Kalahandi and Rayagada districts to decide Lingaraj Azad, popularly known as Azad Bhai, is a dalit activist from the Indian state of Orissa. May 20, 2021 · Recently, 19 Dongaria Kondh tribals tested positive for COVID-19 and a medical camp was set up at Parsali on the foot of Niyamgiri hills so that they can be tested, but they didn’t show up. The present ethnobotanical study concerns some 20 species of orchids including 16 epiphytes and 4 terrestrials that are used by the Dongarias of the Niyamgiri hill range to treat 33 kinds of diseases. Was this answer helpful? Niyamgiri hills are home to about 8,000 Dongaria Kondh tribes living in 160 villages. It has vindicated the historical injustice done, in this case to Dongaria and Kutia Kondh tribal communities, due to the non-recognition of their forest rights on ancestral lands and their habitat in the consolidation of state forests stated in the preamble of the Forest Rights Act (FRA), 2006. The Indian government once slated the range to become a protected reserve. The Dongria Kondh tribe is one of the 13 PVTGs in Odisha, India. JULY 18th to August 19th: the monsoon of 2013 will go down in the history of India for hosting the country’s first environment referendum. The Supreme Court of India asked in April 2013 for public consultations in villages and hamlets in the Niyamgiri hills. Aug 28, 2013 · Tribals in Orissa Niyamgiri hills reject Vedanta's bauxite mining project in a landmark referendum. DOI: 10. 1982). A 670-hectare bauxite mine was due to have been developed on the Dongria Kondh Indigenous community’s traditional lands and habitats which they consider sacred. In 2008, the Supreme Court gave clearance to phase-II ofVedanta’s mining project at Niyamgiri. of undisturbed forest land on the top of the mountain which is the abode of the Dongaria Kondh and their identity depends on the existence of Niyamgiri hills. Niyamgiri is an area of densely forested hills, deep gorges and cascading streams. Two days later, her father-in-law, Dodi Pusika – another Apr 18, 2013 · In a landmark judgment, the Supreme Court on Thursday directed the smallest units of local governance to use their powers and take a decision on whether the Vedanta group’s $1. Kinds of rights granted to forest dwellers. Also known as the Niyam Dongar, it runs in a Apr 12, 2008 · Mining in the Niyamgiri Hills and Tribal Rights. As per an estimate, 95% of land in the hills is not classified as Mar 26, 2021 · On April 18, 2013, in the case of Orissa Mining Corporation v. Mechanisms in place to ensure that rights are respected. Niyamgiri Hill is located in the Lanjigarh block of Kalahandi district with an altitude of 4,284 feet above sea level. The Dongria Kondh indigenous people of south-eastern India have resisted mining proposals in their forested hills, for spiritual, livelihood, and other reasons. Aug 18, 2023 · Niyamgiri Hills have been a site of extensive protests for decades, as the tribal community resists corporate resource extraction at the expense of the environment. Challenges faced by the Forest Act. Implicit in their struggle for survival against external threats is the assertion of a different way of life and worldview, challenging today's notion of 'development' for well-being. The NC Saxena Committee has ruled out the possibility of mining the Niyamgiri hills saying that since the proposed area belongs to the tribals as per the Forest Rights Act it would be illegal to do so. Jan 14, 2014 · The Dongria Kondh's determination to protect Niyamgiri hills from the mining heavyweight Vedanta Resources has paid off, despite the state government's complicity in the $2bn project. The mountain provides Oct 27, 2015 · October 27, 2015. Belghar; What is the best time to visit these hill stations? Which is the highest peak to Dec 20, 2014 · The Supreme Court will today deliver its verdict on whether metals major Vedanta Aluminium should be allowed to mine bauxite in the Niyamgiri Hills in Kalahandi district of Odisha or not. “Ministry’s report is a lie, we strongly condemn it,” said Lingraj Azad, organiser of NSS. Turn your IAS Apr 20, 2023 · However, the hills have some 88 million tonnes of bauxite reserves. The Niyamgiri Mountain has been home to three tribal groups for generations. The report, which was made public today, goes on to say that “it is firmly established that the area proposed for mining lease Jun 14, 2018 · Tribute to martyrs of Tuticorin’ – the tribes and activists have gathered at Lanjigarh village in Niyamgiri ranges of Odisha to collectively oppose the bauxite mining by Vedanta in Niyamgiri hills in the state. Kapilash Mountain Range: A Tranquil Place. There is an unusual combination of fear and fortitude on show, as the fight over Niyamgiri Hills finally draws to a close. Shruti Das. Traditionally hunter-gatherers, they are divided into the hill-dwelling Khonds and plain-dwelling Khonds for census purposes, but the Khonds themselves identify by their specific clans. Indian state Odisha is planning to revive Vedanta Resources ‘ bauxite mining project on top of the Niyamgiri Hills, a forested area that the local Dongria Kondh tribe considers sacred. Ministry of Environment and Forest and Others 1 (Vedanta mining) the Supreme Court of India decreed that the ‘Gram Sabha’ 2 has authority to determine whether the proposed project would affect individual or community rights including cultural and religious rights under the Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers The Dangaria Kandha people are members of the Kondhs. The Amman is reputed for granting prayers for Aug 8, 2023 · RAYAGADA: Continuing their resistance to bauxite mining on Niyamgiri hills, residents of around 40 tribal villages prevented officials of a company engaged by Vedanta from entering the Sunger area May 2, 2013 · The Supreme Court has strongly endorsed the role of the gram sabhas as democratic decision-making fora on issues of individual, community and cultural rights of tribals and traditional forest Feb 23, 2019 · The Dongria Kondh’s habitations dot the Niyamgiri hills in Kalahandi and Rayagada districts. The Niyamgiri hills located in Odisha state contains rich biodiversity in the form of forests which are home to a large variety of flora and fauna including the endangered Bengal tigers and Indian elephants. Category: Jan 10, 2014 · The Union Environment Ministry has taken a decision in two high profile cases, rejecting the forest clearance for Vedanta’s bauxite mining project in Niyamgiri Hills of Odisha, and renewing the Apr 23, 2018 · The conclusion that the tribals and Dalits of Niyamgiri are being punished for opposing the state government is hard to avoid. This area is inhabited by Dongarria Konds, an Adivasi community. Land rights. To read Apr 14, 2018 · Peopled by the Dongria Kondh, a particularly vulnerable tribal group, Lakhapadar in southern Odisha's Rayagada district was one of 12 villages from the Niyam Jul 18, 2013 · The Dongaria Kondh tribal people of Niyamgiri on Thursday said an emphatic no to the proposed mining in the Niyamgiri hills which is spread over the tribal-dominated districts of Kalahandi and Pronunciation of Niyamgiri with 2 audio pronunciations, 1 meaning and more for Niyamgiri. Citation 2002 ). He became notable for his activism in opposing Vedanta Resources 's bauxite refinery in Lanjigarh and mining of Niyamgiri Hills that tribals say would displace thirty villages of Dongria Kondhs (the "Mountain Tribals") on top of the mountains. As per official records of the distribution of titles under FRA, 562 claims were received from 591 Deuli Hills. Ten years ago, on April 18, 2013, the Dongoria Kondhs, a particularly vulnerable tribal group (PVTG) from Rayagada in Odisha won a historic legal battle in the The Niyamgiri hill range in Odisha state, eastern India, is home to the Dongria Kondh tribe. Sep 24, 2017 · Kala mali phulo is a lowland, drought-tolerant and flood-resistant indigenous paddy variety. To be a Dongria Kondh is to farm the hills’ fertile slopes, harvest their produce, and worship the mountain god Niyam Raja and the hills he presides over, including the The Wire: The Wire News India, Latest News,News from India, Politics, External Affairs, Science, Economics, Gender and Culture Mar 16, 2019 · Jakasika belongs to the Dongria Kondh community, one of Odisha’s few remaining tribal groups. Note that bauxite is the chief commercial ore of aluminium and Odisha is the largest producer of aluminium in India. Rights granted for the usage of forest resources. Gandhamardan Hills (hill station in odisha) 9. The Dongria’s don’t trust the modern medical system and are strongly adamant of the belief that they won’t be affected by the pandemic. Rayagada. It alleges that a man called Dadhi Sikoka was killed by the Naxals. The Niyamgiri range of hills is understood to be the mythical kingdom of Niyamraja that extends across 115 square kilometres (Jena et al. 3 On development 4. Feb 21, 2020 · hills, which hinged on a “ rhetorical and performative apparatus that was instrumental in giving unprecedented visibility to the vulnerability of the Dongria Kondhs and their fragile environs Apr 5, 2020 · This is a story of self sustaining tribes living in harmony with rich forests surrounding the hillside, where summer monsoon rain turns streams into rivers & mountains are worshipped as gods, these are Niyamgiri hills homed one of India’s most remote tribes in orissa” – The Dongria kondh. The Garhjat Hills is a mountain range formed by a series low lying hills, plateaux, ridges and meadows that stretch into Odisha from the Utkal Plains in the Chotanagpur region of Jharkhand and the Chhattisgarh Plains. Niyamgiri is the sacred mountain of this community. A great respect for the environment and ceremonial animal sacrifices goes among the Odisha Hill The Dongria Kond are an indigenous tribe native to the virgin forest of India's southwestern Orissa state. Around 40 tribesmen blocked a road leading into the hills with tree trunks and held banners that read ‘We are Dongria Kondh. The rivers Vamsadhara and Nagavali originate in these hills (Vasundhara, 2006). They are located in the Niyamgiri hills in the state of Odisha (formerly Orissa) in India. 33 degree N lat. The development agenda of the State 3. Tata Institute of Social Sciences. 1984) lying between 19. Judicial Evaluation 23. Deep inside the forests of south-western Odisha, in the Niyamgiri hills, people of small tribal hamlets were asked to voice their Oct 22, 2021 · 15. in area (Daspatnaik P. The struggle and campaign of people from Niyamgiri to close the aluminum refinery in ecologically sensitive Niyamgiri, which has Khonds. vm sr vj tr go hf ja tw uc ud